【正文】 用程序。這一階段的目標(biāo)就是在庫存情況上達(dá)到一個(gè)清晰的認(rèn)識(shí)，在庫存控制問題的原因上達(dá)到一個(gè)全方面的了解。描述一個(gè)庫存系統(tǒng)是獲得一個(gè)全面的描述庫存系統(tǒng)的重要步驟。這樣是為了確保那些參與了庫存控制問題的大量因素都包含 在這個(gè)描述之中。對(duì)描述這樣一個(gè)庫存系統(tǒng)是非常有用的。每個(gè)維度分為相關(guān)方面和特點(diǎn)方面。 An anizational perspective on inventory control: 西華大學(xué)交通與汽車工程學(xué)院 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)英文翻譯 Theory and a case study Abstract Inventory control is a wellcovered area in literature. Nowadays, many concepts and techniques are available for effectively controlling inventories. Eminent examples are stochastic models to determine order quantities, techniques for forecasting demand and different kinds of ABC analysis. Remarkably enough, the theoretical backgrounds of these concepts and techniques show a great deal of similarity: they all stem from the field of operations management and operations research. Despite the value of the available concepts, such a onesided approach has its limitations in practice. In this article it is argued that it is important to take a broader view when dealing with practical inventory control problems. First of all, an anizational perspective on inventory control is developed. The main idea behind this perspective is the importance of the anizational context of inventories. This means that in addition to the traditional points for attention, such as order quantities and replenishment strategies, other aspects need attention as well. They are, for example, the allocation of responsibilities and authorities regarding inventory management, the quality of inventory information and the relevant decisionmaking processes. These contextual factors as well as the traditional factors are mapped out and integrated into a framework to be used in solving practical inventory control problems. One of the main features of the framework is that it is useful in both analyzing and redesigning an inventory situation. Secondly, this article describes the results of a case study regarding the application of the anizational perspective to a practical inventory control problem. The in Africa. The case study shows that the anizational perspective on inventory control is very helpful in dealing with inventory control problems. It is illustrated that taking into account the 西華大學(xué)交通與汽車工程學(xué)院 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)英文翻譯 anizational context of inventories, especially the responsibilities and authorities of the persons concerned, is a necessity to accurately understand inventory control problems. In addition, it is illustrated that the anizational perspective leads to a more appropriate redesign. 1. Introduction During the last few decades inventory control has been the topic of many publications. It may fairly be called one of the classics in operations literature. As a result, a large collection of concepts and techniques is available for effectively controlling inventories. There are for example stochastic models to determine order quantities,techniques for forecasting demand and different kinds of ABC analysis. Recently management systems such as manufacturing resource planning(MRP) and enterprise resource planning (ERP)have been added. However, most of these contribution shave similar theoretical background: the field of operations management and operations research. This means the concepts and techniques are mainly based on mathematical assumptions and modeling inventory situations. Although this established approach to inventory control has proved to be very valuable in determining inventory parameters and planning resources, its value can be questioned in dealing with practical inventory control problems. Plossl and Welch for instance state that many firms have inventory control techniques working but they are not reducing inventories. On the other hand, some others are doing a fine job of managing the total inventory investment even without these tools (Plossl and Welch, 1979, p. 26). In addition,nowadays’ authors realize that many of the quantitative methods from the field of operations management and operations research are insufficient to cope with today’s anizational plexity(,1998。 Machuca,1998). These authors favor a broader scope on operations management issues, 西華大學(xué)交通與汽車工程學(xué)院 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)英文翻譯 including qualitative aspects and linkages with other functional areas in an anization. Therefore, there seems to be a need for an extended view on inventory control. In this article we argue that it is highly important to take the anizational context of inventories into account when dealing with inventory control problems. This means that in addition to the traditional points for attention, such as order quantities and replenishment strategies,contextual aspects need attention as are for example the allocation of responsibilities and authorities regarding inventory management,the quality of inventory information and the relevant decisionmaking processes. These contextual factors as well as the traditional factors can be integrated into an anizational perspective on inventory control. The development and practical application of this anizational perspective are the main topics of this article. The article is anized as follows. First, the anizational perspective on inventory control is developed. To that end, the anizational context of inventories is investigated to determine aspects that play a part in inventor