【正文】 e men went up in a balloon（氣球）.They started early in London. The headman was Augusta Gaudron, and the other two men were Tannar and Maitland. They had a big balloon and they were ready for a long way.Soon they heard the sea. They were carrying the usual rope（繩子）,and it was hanging down from the basket of the balloon. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold water, or it could be empty. So they were able to change its weight（重量）.It was for use over the sea. They were also carrying some bags of sand.After the sun rose, the balloon went higher. It went up to 3,000 metres, and the air was very cold. The water in the balloon became ice. Snow fell past the men39。第四，要善于利用連詞、代詞及詞性、同義詞法、反義詞法等進行判斷選擇。第二，要把詞放到句子里，把句子放在句群里。該題旨在考查學生根據(jù)上下文推斷詞匯的能力，因而，所考單詞的意義通常超出大綱范圍。6. 詞義猜測題詞義猜測題要求考生根據(jù)上下文，構詞法等猜測某個生詞的詞義或者對某個詞語在特定語境中的意義進行猜測。此外，標題選擇即為主旨句的壓縮表達，注意抓住主旨句進行主要詞匯的提煉，把一個句子提煉為幾個關鍵詞，即是對主旨大意進行概括歸納的標題。在此過程中，觀察篇幅量只需跳讀文章段落的首句尾句即可，無需細讀段落內容，以節(jié)省時間。找出選項中與歸納的主旨表達重復最多的選項即為最佳答案。主旨大意題題干常見的問句形式：1)主旨句設問類型What is the main idea of this passage? What does the passage mainly talk about?2)最佳標題選擇類型The best title for this passage is ……3)作者主旨意圖類型What does the writer want to tell us?主旨大意題的解題方法：主旨大意題一定要注意文章的首尾兩段。主旨大意此類題型用以考查學生對文章主題或中心思想的領會和理解能力。但也有不少文章，中心思想貫穿在全文中，考生必須具備一定的歸納概括能力才能選對答案。5. 歸納概括題(主旨判斷)此題型要求考生在理解全文后，歸納短文大意，概括中心思想，或選擇短文標題，這些問題的答案大都隱藏在文章中。解決此類題要注意，一是與原文相同的細節(jié)不能選，二是文中沒有出現(xiàn)的細節(jié)不能跳出文章做推斷。推理判斷題分兩種，即對細節(jié)的推理和對主旨的推理。推理判斷此類題的關鍵是要注意原文出現(xiàn)的語句不是我們做出的推理判斷，而是原文給出的細節(jié)信息，所以原文語句不能選。另外還應注意作者是如何展開故事情節(jié)的，運用的是什么寫作方法以及最后是如何得出結論的。此類題屬于高難度題，做這類題目時首先要研究文章著重說明什么問題，表達什么觀點，這是文章的主題。此類題在近年中考閱讀理解題中屢見不鮮，占有相當大的比例。特別需要提醒的是，選項中出現(xiàn)有most (最高級)、the only(唯一)、all(所有)、none(全否)修飾的細節(jié)，都具有絕對性，選擇判斷時要慎選。排序題要先仔細觀察選項，找出首尾相同的選項分組，進而通過具體細節(jié)信息比較進行排除和選擇。一定要注意的是，要所答是所問，不要受到慣勢思維的影響，習慣性地去選擇正確的細節(jié)事實，切記要弄清問題，不要所答非所問。是非判斷一般都遵循對照選項進行“三對一錯或三錯一對”的判斷。所以正確理解題干和信息句的意義是關鍵。事實細節(jié)題題干常見的提問形式：1)是非判斷類型Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? Which of the following statements is NOT true?2)特殊疑問詞提問類型How many……?What/who/when/where/how/why……?3)排序題類型Which of the orders is correct according to the passage?4)例證題類型The author gives the example in……paragraph in order to ……事實細節(jié)題的解題方法：做這類題的一般方法是先要找出題干或是選項中的關鍵字，一般為數(shù)字、大寫或人名地名，再通過scanning快速確定該細節(jié)在文中的出處(信息源)，仔細對照題干要求，排除或選擇。中考英語閱讀理解常考題型及解題技巧中考英語閱讀理解?？碱}型及解題技巧1. 事實細節(jié)題通過閱讀短文,可以直接從閱讀材料中找到這類問題的答案,常考查的方面有事件發(fā)生的時間,地點,原因,方式,過程,結局,人物之間的關系,事件之間的關系,詞和句的含義等。事實細節(jié)題設題手段單一，常常針對文章中某個容易誤解的關鍵詞句或概念，通過移花接木的手段組成是非辨別選擇題，難度較小，屬淺層理解題。命題者在出這類題時慣用“偷梁換柱、張冠李戴”的手法來迷惑考生，即對原句細微處做改動，截取原文詞語或結構進行改造，因果倒置，把A的觀點說成B的觀點等。細節(jié)事實題還要十分注意句子的非主干成分，如定語、狀語、補語等，這些成分都是出題者常進行誤導的落腳點。若該信息句是長句或難句，要學會找出其主干部分，分析句子結構，正確理解信息句的意義。例證題一定要注意以for example……，such as……等關鍵入手處，找出細節(jié)出處。唯一細節(jié)題一定要仔細審題，弄清題干所需。2. 句義理解題句子理解題也叫同義轉換題，它主要通過同義轉換的方式來考察考生對閱讀材料中一些關鍵詞句是如何理解的，試題通過句型轉換對短文原句釋義，難度也較小，屬于淺層理解題。3. 分析判斷題分析判斷題要求考生在充分理解短文內容的基礎上，對文章的結構特點進行分析，以掌握全篇的邏輯關系。其次要分析作者運用什么樣的情節(jié)，故事來表達主題，這為文章的中心大意。4. 邏輯推理題此題型要求考生縱觀全文，在匯集全文提供的各項信息的基礎上進行正確的邏輯推理，推斷作者的意向，人物的動機，目的，性格特征，事件的前因后果關系，語言中的語態(tài)，語氣等，近年來的中考強調對考生閱讀能力的考察，因而推理判斷式的深層次理解題隨之增加，這就要求我們在通讀全文，弄懂全文的基礎上，抓住文章的關鍵詞句，深入開拓文章的內容。判斷時對已知的事實仔細評價后做出的合理決定并非唯一決定，要對事實進行合乎情理的判斷，有時還需借助常識進行判斷。主要以We can infer / imply / learn from this passage that ……等進行提問。解題過程中只要注意上述兩點，再結合做細節(jié)和主旨的方法，即可以做出推理判斷題。不少文章一開頭便展示出文章的主題，尤其是新聞報道之類的，第一段常是故事的梗概，這一段往往表達中心思想。因此此類題屬于難度題。其中一類題型為主旨問題。如果首尾兩段的主旨表達是一致的，那么文章的主旨便是兩段重復表明的語句內容表達。如果首尾兩段的主旨表達不一致，則需要觀察文章的段落篇幅量是傾向于首段或是尾段，從而確定主旨段落。如果文章只有一段，則注意文章的首兩句及尾句，然后用以上的方法確定主旨句。而作者意圖表達必須通過歸納中心主題才能找到，通常體現(xiàn)為advise，convince，present，propose，warn等。詞義猜測是利用上下文語境對某些生詞、難句做出推測和判斷。常見形式有：The word / phrase…… means / refers to……From the passage，we can infer the word…… is closest in meaning to……What does the word…… in paragraph……mean?要做好此類題，要注意，第一要熟練掌握大綱單詞，平時注意積累生詞和短語。第三，注意詞、句的位置，確定結構關系。課后練習In the world ,soccer of football is the most popular sport. This is because many countries have wonderful teams for the World Cup. The World Cup is held every four years.To remember 2016 FIFA World Cup ,children from different countries and more than 60 children from Japanese schools came together and spent three weekends drawing a big picture called “Dream(夢幻) World Cups ”in Japan .The children drew animals, flowers and people playing soccer under a bule bright sky. They wished each football team good luck by drawing the flags(旗幟)of all the countries that will take part in the World Cup in Japan and South Korea. The picture was put up in a park near a playground in Yokohama .Some football teams will have games there.Are you a football fan(迷)？The World Cup maked more and more people interested in football Teenagers(青少年)like playing and watching football .Many of them love some football stars so much that they get the pictures of their favorite players on the walls of their rooms. That is the way to show their love for the World Cup as children in Japan.1. If a country wants to take part in the World Cup ,she must have______.A. Many football fans 　B. a very good team 　C. many football player　D. a big playground2. The next World Cup will be held in_______.A. 2016 　　　　　B. 　　　　C. 　　　　　D. 20203. From the passage ,in the picture children drew many things except_________.A. people playing football 　B. pictures of some football stars 　C. a sunny sky D. flowers4. In “Dream World Cup”,the children drew the flags of some countries______.A. to show their love for their owe countryB. to tell the people their storiesC. to show their good wishes for the football teamsD. to show their new ideas about football teenagers owe the pictures of some football stars because______.A. they are interested in football B. they are football fansC. they think their favourite players are great D. all of A,B and C（B）In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business .But he was not a good artis .So he invented a very simple