【正文】 成兩半⑷ 介詞＋動(dòng)名詞，例如：(a way) of doing that 給你的（信）(not…) at all 星期天（來）⑵ 介詞＋代詞，例如：(talk) to oneself 乘公共汽車（去）(play) in the park介詞賓語可以是名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)名詞、wh短語、從句等。中考初中英語語法專題介詞學(xué)案介詞考點(diǎn)知識(shí)測(cè)驗(yàn) is a post office ________ the other side ________ the street. was angry ________ them and he left _________ telling anybody. had and you’ll catch up _________ others. can surf much information ________ the Internet. often learn English _______ each other. poor old man died ________ the evening of October 10. little girl ________ red looked beautiful. you know the key ________ success? walked along the river _______ another ten minutes. usually spend three hours ________ doing my homework.! They’re waiting ______ the bus ______ the busstop. do you go to work every day?______ underground. think the dictionary is quite useful ______ you. began to play the piano _______ the age ______ five. much did you pay ______ your new dress?一、【考點(diǎn)分析】一、介詞短語的形式：介詞是一種虛詞，不能獨(dú)立存在。它必須和隨后的補(bǔ)足成分（又稱“介詞賓語”）一起構(gòu)成介詞短語，才能用于句中?，F(xiàn)分別舉例如下：⑴ 介詞＋名詞，例如：(go) by bus 在公園里（玩）(e) on Sunday 對(duì)自己（說），自言自語 (a letter) for you 一點(diǎn)也（不）⑶ 介詞＋數(shù)詞，例如：(cut sth) in two做那件事的（方式）be good at drawing pictures善于畫畫⑸ 介詞＋wh短語，例如：(talk) about what to do next（談?wù)摚┫乱徊皆撟鍪裁储?介詞＋從句，例如：Please think of what I said. 請(qǐng)你考慮我說的話。 ⑵ 介詞短語用作賓語補(bǔ)足語，例如：I was surprised to find him on the bus. ⑶ 介詞短語用作后置定語，例如：The girl in the hat is my sister. Did you see the house with many trees around it? A policeman is standing next to him.Miss Zhao came in with a big smile on her face.s help 在某人的幫助下，由于某人的幫助11. with the help of．．． 在……的幫助下 12. with a smile 面帶笑容13. with one39。s twenties在某人二十幾歲時(shí) a hurry匆忙 the middle of在……中間33. in no time( in a minute)立刻，很快 34. in time( on time)及時(shí)35. in public公眾，公開地 36. in order to為了…．37. in( the) front of在……前面 38. in the sun在陽光下39. in the end最后，終于 40. in surprise驚奇地41. in turn依次 42. of course當(dāng)然 bit( of)有一點(diǎn)兒 lot of許多 little 點(diǎn)兒 46. on one39。s joy使……高興的是55．to one39。at sevenat a quarter to oneat noonat nightin表示一段時(shí)間，如：年、月、世紀(jì)、四季或泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上等。in the twentyfirst centuryin autumnin the morningThey will finish the work in an hour. on主要用于表示星期幾，具體某一天的早、午、晚或用在時(shí)間名詞有形容詞修飾 前。He has studied English since 2000.He has been in Guangzhou since two years ago.，謂語可用過去、現(xiàn)在、將來的某種時(shí)態(tài)。(2)與時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用表示在將來某個(gè)時(shí)間之后。clock.until用于否定句中，意為“直到……才”，其前的謂語動(dòng)詞多用瞬間性動(dòng)詞；用在肯定句中，意為“直到……為止”，其前的謂語動(dòng)詞須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。t go to bed until my mother came home. I waited for my mother until she came home.“by+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”表示“到……為止”，如果by后加“將來的時(shí)間點(diǎn)”應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)；如果by后跟一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。He lives with us during these years.before表示時(shí)間，意為“在……之前”。clock. 地 點(diǎn) 介 詞at表示較小的地點(diǎn)。(國家、城市等)用在地點(diǎn)名詞前不用介詞in China；in the world如：arrive home/here/there on表示“在……上面”，強(qiáng)調(diào)表面接觸。There is a bridge over the river.above指“在上方”，屬于斜上方。The coat reaches below the knees.the questions belowunder表示“在……正下方”。There are some trees in front of the classroom.in the front of表示“在……的前部”（范圍內(nèi)）。He sits before me. He sits in front of me.behind表示“在……后面”，是in front of的反義詞。t hide behind the tree.at the back of表示“在…后部”：是in the front of的反義詞。 is a blackboard at the back of our classroom.by表示“在……旁邊”，與beside同義。Who39。Is there a hospital near here?next to“靠近……旁邊”，相當(dāng)于close to。You must choose one between her and me.among“在……之間”，表示“在三者或三者以上之間”。Let39。The hare ran into the forest.out of表示“從……里面出來”，是into的反義詞。The little dog can go through the hole in the door.across表示從平面“穿過”。My father will go to Beijing next week. The window opens towards the south．a(chǎn)long表示“順著，沿著”。You must do your exam with a pen．方式介詞 by表示一種方式和方法，后面名詞不加冠詞，也無復(fù)數(shù)形式。They go to work by bike.The old man made a living by selling newspapers.in表示使用的材料或語言。s this in English?Say it in English. Speak English 短語介詞according to根據(jù)；at the end of在……末端；at the foot of在……腳下；at the top of在……頂上；because of 因?yàn)?；instead of 替代together with 和……一起 up to 直到 介詞短語 介詞+名詞in ink用墨水；in time及時(shí)；in English用英語動(dòng)詞+介詞play with 和……一起玩；laugh at嘲笑；look after照顧；wait for等待：pay for為……付錢be+形容詞+介詞be careful about對(duì)……小心；be good at擅長(zhǎng)于……；be angry with對(duì)……生氣；be famous for以……出名be proud of 為……而驕傲易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：1．表示地點(diǎn)的介詞in，on和to的用法 in表示在某一地區(qū)之內(nèi)的某方位（屬于該范圍）；to表示在某一地區(qū)之外的某方位（不屬于該范圍）；on表示與某地的毗鄰關(guān)系。（范圍之內(nèi)） Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中國的東邊。（毗鄰）2．be made / used之后介詞的選擇(1) be made常見結(jié)構(gòu) ①be made in在某地制造 My mother likes to buy things which are made in China. ②be made of和be made from都可以表示“由……制成”，但be made of強(qiáng)調(diào)從品上能看出原材料，而be made from則表示從成品上看不出原材料。This paper is made from wood．這種紙是由樹木制成的。④be made up of由……組成 The group is made up of five students. 這一組由五個(gè)學(xué)生組成。He is used to getting up 。A pan is used to cook． 鍋是用來炒菜的。A pan is used for cooking. 鍋是用來炒菜的。A dictionary is used as a tool for study. 詞典是被用來作為學(xué)習(xí)的工具。 My car was used by my friend yesterday. 我的車昨天由我朋友使用。He used to go to see a film on Friday evening.他以前總是星期五晚上去看電影。） 四、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)清單一、容易誤用的介詞1．in和on的區(qū)別 on the tree表示枝、葉、果實(shí)等長(zhǎng)“在樹上”。 in the tree表示人或其他東西“在樹上”。 on the wall表示東西粘貼或掛“在墻上”。 in the wall表示門、窗等嵌“在墻上”。2．between和among的區(qū)別 between常指“在……（兩者）之間”；among指“在……（三者或三者以上的人或物）之間”。 Mary sits between Lucy and Lily．瑪麗坐在露西和莉莉之間。3．a(chǎn)cross，through，over，past的區(qū)別 across和through都用于表示“穿過，越過”。He can swim across the river．She had to push her way through the crowd to get to her son。They39。 When did you return to Guangzhou after the holiday? (3) towards意為“朝、向”，只說明運(yùn)動(dòng)的方向，沒有“到達(dá)”的意思。 behind the school在學(xué)校后面；after 5 039。 Can you sing this song in English? 你能用英文唱這首歌嗎？ I write my homework with a pen．我用一支鋼筆寫我的作業(yè)。7．but，besides和except的區(qū)別 but表示“除……之外”，常與含否定意義的詞連用，當(dāng)but前有動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，but后接動(dòng)詞原形；except表示“除…之外（不再有）”，指從整體中排除except所帶的人或物，前面常有all，every，any，no及其他復(fù)合詞，但在否定句中，excep