【正文】 k successfully stops. In typical California fashion, it39。s waiting to cross. So here39。m sure we all do this, it39。We39。糖罐上清楚地寫著：給小朋友預(yù)留......（笑聲）我是認真的，我知道這聽上去像我在講笑話，我們明確的告訴了參與者，這一罐糖是給隔壁發(fā)展中心的小朋友準(zhǔn)備的，他們在實驗中，這是給他們的。s for children participating in a developmental lab nearby. They39。m not kidding. I know it sounds like I39。然而，越富有的人，越有可能在這個游戲中作弊去爭取那個最終能夠贏取50美元現(xiàn)金的分?jǐn)?shù)，可能性甚至高達3到4倍。其中一個游戲，我們其實操縱了電腦使得某些數(shù)字不可能出現(xiàn)。s more or less likely to cheat to increase their chances of winning a prize. In one of the games, we actually rigged a puter so that die rolls over a certain score were impossible. You couldn39。We39。我們觀察人們給了多少。我們告訴他們，他們可以把這十塊錢給自己用，也可以把其中一部分拿出來分享。我們很想知道什么人更傾向于給其他人提供幫助，富人還是窮人。s poor. In one of the studies, we bring in rich and poor members of the munity into the lab and give each of them the equivalent of 10 dollars. We told the participants that they could keep these 10 dollars for themselves, or they could share a portion of it, if they wanted to, with a stranger who is totally anonymous. They39。s more likely to offer help to another person, someone who39。今天我想談的就是這種個人利益思維的影響，談?wù)劄槭裁次覀儜?yīng)該關(guān)注這些影響以及我們能做些什么。全國范圍內(nèi)的大量研究都表明，當(dāng)一個人的財富增加時，他們的同情心和同理心下降，而他們的優(yōu)越感增加，也更注重個人利益。s actually wealthier individuals who are more likely to moralize greed being good, and that the pursuit of selfinterest is favorable and moral. Now what I want to do today is talk about some of the implications of this ideology selfinterest, talk about why we should care about those implications, and end with what might be done.我們可以用這個大富翁的游戲作比喻來理解我們的社會以及社會分層，也就是有的人有大量的社會財富和地位而很多人沒有，他們僅有很少的財富和地位以及很少獲得寶貴資源的機會。ve been finding across dozens of studies and thousands of participants across this country is that as a person39。Now this game of Monopoly can be used as a metaphor for understanding society and its hierarchical structure, wherein some people have a lot of wealth and a lot of status, and a lot of people don39。在15分鐘要結(jié)束的時候，我們請玩家談?wù)撍麄冊谟螒蛑械慕?jīng)歷。s a really, really incredible insight into how the mind makes sense of advantage.保羅s what I think was really, really interesting, is that at the end of the 15 minutes, we asked the players to talk about their experience during the game. And when the rich players talked about why they had inevitably won in this rigged game of Monopoly (Laughter) — they talked about what they39。我已經(jīng)差不多不可戰(zhàn)勝了。re going to run out of money soon. I39。m going to buy out this whole board. 富玩家2：我要把整個棋盤都買下來。我要買它，我太多錢了那么多花都花不完的錢。ll buy it. I have so much money. I have so much money, it takes me forever. 富玩家：你還欠我24塊。 Poor Player: How much is that? 窮玩家：你有多少錢？Rich Player: You owe me 24 dollars. You39。皮夫：游戲繼續(xù)進行，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個很明顯的有趣現(xiàn)象，就是富玩家開始對另一個玩家表現(xiàn)得不友好，對那些可憐玩家的貧窮困境越來越不敏感，開始越來越頻繁的炫富，更喜歡展示他們正在做的一切。 (Laughter)（笑聲）And as the game went on, one of the really interesting and dramatic patterns that we observed begin to emerge was that the rich players actually started to bee ruder toward the other person, less and less sensitive to the plight of those poor, poor players, and more and more demonstrative of their material success, more likely to showcase how well they39。那些富的玩家開始吃更多的椒鹽卷餅。起先他們好奇那一碗椒鹽卷餅為什么會在那里。Okay, so no surprises, people are onto us. They wonder what that bowl of pretzels is doing there in the first place. One even asks, like you just saw, is that bowl of pretzels there as a trick? And yet, despite that, the power of the situation seems to inevitably dominate, and those rich players start to eat more pretzels.保羅Rich Player: Are those pretzels a trick?富玩家：這些椒鹽卷餅有什么貓膩嗎？Poor Player: I don39。re just tracking how many pretzels participants eat.我們在旁邊放了一碗椒鹽卷餅，就在右下角，這使得我們可以觀察玩家吃椒鹽卷餅的行為。s on the bottom right corner there. That allowed us to watch participants39。我們看到富玩家們“霸主”信號、肢體動作，權(quán)力的顯示以及相互慶祝。隨著游戲慢慢展開，我們觀察到兩個玩家開始有一些明顯不同的表現(xiàn)。Paul Piff: Okay, so it was quickly apparent to players that something was up. One person clearly has a lot more money than the other person, and yet, as the game unfolded, we saw very notable differences and dramatic differences begin to emerge between the two players. The rich play