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【正文】 水漬,是因買方未及時(shí)通知所指定的承運(yùn)人的名稱、地址而造成的。據(jù)此,買方向該公司提出索賠。13某公司以FCA貿(mào)易術(shù)語出口布料一批,雙方約定最遲的交貨期為3月15日,由于買方未及時(shí)通知所指定的承運(yùn)人的名稱、地址,導(dǎo)致該公司在4月20日才將貨物交給承運(yùn)人。這個(gè)案例涉及FCA術(shù)語問題,買方負(fù)責(zé)訂立運(yùn)輸契約,指定承運(yùn)人到裝運(yùn)地點(diǎn)接貨,買方可以委托賣方代辦運(yùn)輸事項(xiàng),但此項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用均由買方承擔(dān)。結(jié)果在裝運(yùn)期滿時(shí),國外賣方來函通知,無法租到船,不能按期交貨。此案例中沒有指明承運(yùn)貨物的航空公司是否為買方所指定的,但即便買方?jīng)]有指定,賣方也可按慣例指定航空公司運(yùn)輸(費(fèi)用到付,即買方承擔(dān)),只要賣方在約定的時(shí)間內(nèi)(8月31日前,包括8月31日)將貨交承運(yùn)人,賣方即完成交貨,買方需按約付費(fèi),所謂的延遲交貨不成立,買方應(yīng)立即支付所有款項(xiàng)。該銀行即通知印商提貨、付款,但印商以延遲交貨為由拒絕。我方即電傳印度發(fā)出裝運(yùn)通知。交貨期8月。10我方按CIF landed條件對外出口,并按規(guī)定提交了全套符合要求的單據(jù),貨輪在航行途中觸礁沉沒,貨物全部滅失,買方聞?dòng)嵰浴百u方需將貨物運(yùn)到目的港并安全卸到岸上才算完成交貨任務(wù)”為由拒付貨款。在此情況下,買方可否以貨物滅失為由拒付貨款,賣方亦因此不能通過銀行交單托收? Analysis CIF屬象征性交貨(symbolic delivery),又稱憑單據(jù)交貨(documentary delivery),即使賣方在裝船以后至交單這段時(shí)間內(nèi),貨物發(fā)生滅失或損壞,只要賣方提交的單據(jù)符合合同要求,買方不得拒收單據(jù)或拒付貨款,而只能按合同規(guī)定付款贖單,然后憑所取得之轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)單據(jù),向責(zé)任方提出索賠,追回?fù)p失。賣方根據(jù)合同裝船,并取得合同規(guī)定的全部無疵單據(jù)。按2000年《通則》的解釋,按CIF條件成交時(shí),賣方負(fù)責(zé)租船訂艙、支付運(yùn)費(fèi),但賣方支付的運(yùn)費(fèi)是從裝運(yùn)港至目的港的正常運(yùn)費(fèi),因運(yùn)輸途中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)而增加的運(yùn)費(fèi),按照風(fēng)險(xiǎn)界點(diǎn)劃分界線的規(guī)定,因由買方承擔(dān)。這批貨物運(yùn)抵目的港后,我方接到買方支付貨款的通知,聲明:因貨物在運(yùn)輸途中躲避風(fēng)暴而增加的運(yùn)費(fèi)已代我公司支付給船公司,故此,所付的貨款中已將此項(xiàng)費(fèi)用扣除。因而,本案的合同性質(zhì)已不屬于CIF合同。(2)CIF術(shù)語是典型的象征性交貨,在象征性交貨的情況下,賣方憑單交貨,買方憑單付款,而本案合同條款規(guī)定:“……如賣方已結(jié)匯,賣方須將貨款退還買方。因?yàn)椋海?)CIF合同是“裝運(yùn)合同”,即按此類銷售合同成交時(shí),賣方必須在合同規(guī)定的裝運(yùn)期內(nèi)在裝運(yùn)港將貨物交至運(yùn)往指定目的港的船上,即完成了交貨義務(wù),對貨物運(yùn)輸途中發(fā)生滅失或損壞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以及貨物交運(yùn)后發(fā)生的事件所產(chǎn)生的費(fèi)用,賣方概不承擔(dān)責(zé)任。如賣方已結(jié)匯,賣方須將貨款退還買方?!北纠?,合同隨訂明“保險(xiǎn)由買方自理”但我方在貨物裝船后未及時(shí)向買方發(fā)出已裝船通知,顯系我方違反國際慣例,自然不能推卸責(zé)任。如果賣方不及時(shí)發(fā)出已裝船通知,買方無法及時(shí)辦理保險(xiǎn)。”第7條規(guī)定:“給予買方貨物已裝船的充分通知。因10月1日為我國法定國慶假日,2日又適逢周末,未及時(shí)向買方發(fā)出裝船通知,3日上班時(shí)收到買方急電稱:該輪于2日下午4時(shí)遇難沉沒,貨物滅失,要求我賠償全部損失。6我方按CFR價(jià)格條件與客戶簽約成交某出口商品一批,合同規(guī)定保險(xiǎn)由買方自理。此案例涉及CIF術(shù)語,CIF術(shù)語條件下成交時(shí),買賣雙方的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)界點(diǎn)在裝運(yùn)港船舷,貨物在裝運(yùn)港越過船舷以前的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)由賣方承擔(dān),貨物越過船舷以后的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)由買方承擔(dān);CIF合同典型象征性交貨,即賣方憑單交貨,買方憑單付款,只要賣方所提交的單據(jù)是齊全的、正確的,即使貨物在運(yùn)輸途中滅失,買方仍需付款,不得拒付。但該批貨物運(yùn)抵澳大利亞時(shí),洋蔥已全部腐爛變質(zhì),不適合人類食用,買方因此拒絕收貨,并要求賣方退回已付清的貨款。在此情況下,可按48000美元開證,待美方提供有關(guān)出口稅捐及簽證費(fèi)用憑證后另行支付該費(fèi)用,以防多付貨款。討論:這是什么道理?應(yīng)如何解決? Answer: 使用FOB Vessel New York貿(mào)易術(shù)語,說明有關(guān)貿(mào)易術(shù)語的國際慣例采用的是《1941年美國對外貿(mào)易定義修正本》,按照該慣例解釋,出口方不負(fù)責(zé)取得出口許可證和繳納出口稅費(fèi)。4中國B公司按每公噸240美元FOB Vessel New York從美國一公司進(jìn)口200公噸鋼材。試問:客戶要求是否合理,為什么? Analysis客戶的要求不合理,國為我出口大米的價(jià)格條件是FOBS廣州,即FOB船上交貨并理倉,買方承擔(dān)租船訂艙的義務(wù),買方租的船應(yīng)該適航、適貨,我方的責(zé)任就是將大米裝船并理艙,并無清潔船艙的責(zé)任。就本案例來講,因賣方代為租船沒有租到,買方又不同意改變裝運(yùn)港,因此,賣方不承擔(dān)因自己未租到船而延誤裝運(yùn)的責(zé)任,買方也不能因此要求撤銷合同。按FOB條件成交的合同,按常規(guī)由買方負(fù)責(zé)租船定艙。試問:我方應(yīng)如何處理。但時(shí)至裝運(yùn)期我方在規(guī)定裝運(yùn)港無法租到合適的船,且買方又不同意改變裝運(yùn)港。合同簽訂后接到買方來電,稱租船較為困難委托我方代為租船,有關(guān)費(fèi)用由買方負(fù)擔(dān)。本案貨物的品質(zhì)問題不是賣方交貨不符合要求,而是貨物在途中遇風(fēng)險(xiǎn)而受損失,且賣方在裝船后也及時(shí)發(fā)出了裝貨通知,所以賣方不負(fù)責(zé)任。問賣方是否應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé)任?為什么?ANSWER: 賣方不應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé)任。第五篇:國貿(mào)實(shí)務(wù)參考題 do you define international trade?International trade is the exchange of goods and services between is also known as world trade, foreign trade or overseas are the reasons for international trade? Can you list some of them? Uneven distribution of natural resources, specialization, patterns of demand, economies of scale, innovation or variety of do trade barriers mean? List some examples of trade barriers in international barriers mean the restriction measures taken by , quotas, import license and foreign exchange control are all examples of trade do countries benefit from the international trade? Countries can get cheaper and greater variety of goods or services for trade can expand markets and promotes economic growth.Ⅱ.Translate the following Chinese words or expressions into international tradeworld tradeforeign trade overseas tradeeconomies of scaleeconomic growth foreign currency/exchangeexchange rate foreign/overseas/external/world market visible tradeinvisible trade balance of trade trade surplus/positive balance of tradetrade deficit/negative balance of trade trade barriernontariff barrierrevenue tariff protection tariff quota free trade Ⅲ.True or false trade is only the exchange of goods between trade with each other partly because there is a cost means countries can provide a wider variety of products for their trade can greatly expand the market, which enables the suppliers to take advantage of economies of rate fluctuations may create many problems for international in some cases, political reasons can outweigh economic considerations between we provide shipping insurance service for foreigners, it can be seen as an example of invisible surplus means that a country’s imports exceed its and quotas are the examples of trade can do business freely without regulations in international Ⅳ.Fill in the blanks with the best is the reason why international trade first distribution of resources of demand benefits advantages one country produces more of a modity than it uses itself, it will sell the left to other reason for international trade is called of scale of style of demand cost for the production will decrease if the goods are produced on a large is called of scale of style of demand following are the special problems for international trade except for foreign languages and foreign currency foreign laws customs and regulations risks cultural differences refers to an exchange of services or assets between trade trade trade of trade trade consists of the following except for services across national borders tourist expenses services across national borders exchange across national borders is the difference between the value of the goods and services that a country exports and the value of the goods and services that it balance surplus deficit barrier country has to earn ___________ to pay for exchange is NOT the example of trade barriers﹖ duties tax is the regulation of international trade at the global level? ACACADABDA Case Study 1買賣雙方簽訂FOB合同,賣方向買方出口一級大米300噸,裝船時(shí)貨物經(jīng)公證人檢驗(yàn),符合合同規(guī)定的品質(zhì)條件,賣方于裝船后及時(shí)發(fā)出裝船通知。實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告按教師布置的作業(yè)要求,以如下紙質(zhì)稿形式提交。了解網(wǎng)絡(luò)促銷的概念、分類與作用,掌握網(wǎng)絡(luò)促銷的實(shí)施程序,掌握網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣告促銷、網(wǎng)絡(luò)站點(diǎn)促銷和Email促銷方法。問:上述業(yè)務(wù)中的匯票提示日、承兌日、付款日和交單日各為何日?(姑且不考慮銀行合理工作時(shí)間及時(shí)差因素)答: ? 提示日 承兌日 付款日 交單日無 7月10日7月10日8月9日 8月9日8月9日 提交T/R之日 8月9日 7月10日7月10日 7月10日 D/P at sight,7月10日D/P at 30 days after sight 7月10日 D/A at 30 days after sight 7月10日D/PT/R at 30 days after sight及D/A at 30 days after sight。(3)A商僅憑B商電報(bào)辦理裝運(yùn)的不妥之處在于未得到銀行的認(rèn)可,即在銀行未接受展延裝運(yùn)期請求的條件下,信用證裝運(yùn)期未變,如按B商電報(bào)裝運(yùn),其結(jié)果只能是單證不符。因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)《跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例》規(guī)定,不可撤銷信用證未經(jīng)有關(guān)當(dāng)事人同意不能修改或撤銷。答:(1)??? A商提出改證的要求是合理的,因?yàn)榘春贤?guī)定履行合同是買賣雙方最基本的義務(wù),本例合同
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