【正文】 ork and whose pleasure is pleasure。他們狂亂地從一個(gè)地方跑到另一個(gè)地方、想通過(guò)不斷換地方的這種方式來(lái)擺脫煩惱，這是徒勞的。讓那些為一些大事已經(jīng)連續(xù)工作或煩惱了六天的政治家、專業(yè)人員或工商界人士來(lái)說(shuō)，在周末的時(shí)候讓他們?yōu)橐恍╇u毛蒜皮的小事煩惱費(fèi)神，也不會(huì)使他們身心輕松。大致來(lái)說(shuō)，人可分為三類：第一類人是累死；第二類人是愁死；第三類人是煩死。一個(gè)人可能具有與他日常工作無(wú)關(guān)的大量的知識(shí)，但這些知識(shí)并無(wú)助于他減輕心理壓力?！蹦且呀?jīng)沒(méi)有任何意義了。those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to is no use offering the manual laborer, tired out with a hard week’s sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday is no use inviting the politician or the professional or businessman, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the ，而且每次都能真正奏效，一個(gè)人必須有兩種或三種業(yè)余愛(ài)好，而且必須是真正的業(yè)余愛(ài)好。To be really happy really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be is no use starting late in life to say: “I will take an interest in this or that.” Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet hardly get any benefit or is no use doing what you like。這種替代憂慮的心理興趣培養(yǎng)是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的過(guò)程。they must be sedulously tended, if the vivifying fruits are to be at band when ，對(duì)一個(gè)公眾人物來(lái)說(shuō)，培養(yǎng)一種業(yè)余愛(ài)好、一種新的興趣顯得尤為重要。The cultivation of a hobby and the forms of interest is therefore a policy of first importance to a public this is not a business that can be untaken in a day or swiftly improvised by a mere mand of the growth of alternative mental interests is a long seeds must be carefully chosen。這時(shí)，唯一的解決辦法只能是悄悄的滲入某種新的東西，來(lái)分散注意力?！痹谶@種情況下，與意識(shí)去抗?fàn)幨峭絼诘?。Unit8Cultivating a Hobby 培養(yǎng)一種業(yè)余愛(ài)好A gifted American psychologist has said, “Worry is a spasm of the emotion。然而社會(huì)中的一次性文化的蔓延也預(yù)示著人類和物品的關(guān)系持續(xù)的時(shí)間越來(lái)越短。***We develop a throwaway mentality to match our throwaway mentality produces, among other things, a set of radically altered values with respect to the spread of disposability through the society also implies decreased durations in manthing of being linked with a single object over a relatively long span of time, we are linked for brief periods with the succession of objects that supplant ，來(lái)適應(yīng)一次性的產(chǎn)品。對(duì)于消費(fèi)者來(lái)說(shuō)，一次性要比普通衣服送進(jìn)洗衣店要便宜的多。Price, of course, is a critical factor behind the paper a department store features simple Aline dresses made of what it calls “devilmaycare cellulose fiber and nylon.” At $ each, it is almost cheaper for the consumer to buy and discard a new one than to send an ordinary dress to the it will more than economics is involved, for the extension of the throwaway culture has important psychological ，價(jià)格是紙用品猛增的重要原因。一位時(shí)尚專家寫道：“小孩子會(huì)亂濺冰激凌，而且他可以在紙衣服上畫畫，或者貼剪紙畫，而母親在一旁微笑的贊許其創(chuàng)造力。圖中的新娘穿著仿蕾絲紙做成的白色長(zhǎng)袍裙，標(biāo)題寫道：這條裙子在婚禮結(jié)束后可以做成“不錯(cuò)的廚房窗簾”。時(shí)尚飾品店和工薪階層服裝店已經(jīng)陸續(xù)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)全新的部門，這個(gè)部門專門負(fù)責(zé)那些色彩艷麗設(shè)計(jì)特別的紙衣服。即使在法國(guó)，一次性的打火機(jī)也很普遍，從牛奶紙盒到為太空提供動(dòng)力的火箭，它們對(duì)我們的生活起著越來(lái)越重要的作用。在當(dāng)今的日本，一次性的紙巾非常普遍，手絹已經(jīng)老土了，而且也不衛(wèi)生。Thus a writer, Edward Maze, has pointed out that many Americans visiting Sweden in the early 1950’s were astounded by its cleanliness.“We were almost awed by the fact that there were no beer and soft drink bottles by the road sides, as, much to our shame, there were in by the 1960’s lo and behold, bottles were suddenly blooming along Swedish highways? What happened? Sweden had bee a buy, use and throwaway society, following the American pattern.” In Japan today throwaway tissues are so universal that cloth handkerchiefs are regarded as old fashioned, not to say England for sixpence one may buy a “Dentamatic throwaway toothbrush” which es already coated with toothpaste for its onetime even in France, disposable cigarette lighters are cardboard milk containers to the rockets that power space vehicles, products created for shortterm or onetime use are being more numerous and crucial to our way of ，作家E M 指出在十二世紀(jì)五十年代初期，很多區(qū)瑞典觀光的美國(guó)人都被瑞典的干凈所震驚“讓我們敬佩的是路邊沒(méi)有一個(gè)啤酒瓶和軟飲料瓶，而自慚形穢的是，美國(guó)到處都是。我們隊(duì)她們作市場(chǎng)調(diào)查，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)她們的抵制情緒很強(qiáng)。The idea of using a product once or for a brief period and then replacing it, runs counter to the grain of societies or individuals steeped in a heritage of long ago Uriel Rone, a market researcher for the French advertising agency Publicis, told me: “The French housewife is not used to disposable likes to keep things, even old things, rather than throwaway did a marketing study for them and found the resistance too strong.” This resistance, however, is dying all over the developed ，不久前，法國(guó)廣告代理公司P的一位市場(chǎng)調(diào)查員U R 告訴我“法國(guó)的家庭主婦并不習(xí)慣于使用一次性的產(chǎn)品，:她們喜歡把東西留著，即使是舊物品也不會(huì)丟。電視上的烹飪節(jié)目也經(jīng)常使用一次性的碟子。紙尿褲，圍裙，紙巾，手絹，非循環(huán)使用的蘇打汽水瓶—所有這些在她家被迅速使用，有的被無(wú)情的丟棄。這種不同在于過(guò)去和未來(lái)的對(duì)比，對(duì)于永久的社會(huì)和新的變幻無(wú)常的社會(huì)的對(duì)比。Moreover, our attitudes toward things reflect basic value could be more dramatic than the difference between the new breed of little girls who cheerfully turn in their Barbies for the new improved model and those who, like their mothers and grandmothers before them, clutch lingeringly and lovingly to the same doll until it disintegrates from sheer this difference lies the contrast between past and future, between societies based on permanence, and the new, fastforming society based on ，我們對(duì)物品的態(tài)度反映了基本的價(jià)值評(píng)判。Antimaterialists tend to deride the importance of “things.” Yet thing