【正文】 ？”* Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed.* ，通過(guò)這種手段這些感受被引發(fā)和傳遞。（轉(zhuǎn)譯為條件）目的狀語(yǔ)從句* ①目的狀語(yǔ)從句可由下列引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)：so that, so, in order that, in case, lest等。* Although the process of professionalisation and specialization was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century.* 盡管在19世紀(jì)專(zhuān)業(yè)化和專(zhuān)門(mén)化已經(jīng)在英國(guó)地質(zhì)學(xué)界充分展開(kāi)，但其影響直到20世紀(jì)才全面表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。）*Even if he knows it, he’ll not let out the secret.*（不確定他是否知道這個(gè)秘密。* ②注意even if與even though的區(qū)別：even if意為“即使”，表述的內(nèi)容不一定為即成事實(shí)；even though則表示“盡管”，即盡管有什么樣的事實(shí)存在。因?yàn)?，一旦那些程序路徑被植入大腦，將會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)留在其中。* But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits。例如：從句翻譯* If I were you, I would leave now.（該句包含了if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，且因?yàn)槭欠钦鎸?shí)條件句因此用were表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。*②兩種條件句：* ，表示現(xiàn)實(shí)的或可能會(huì)變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)的條件，用直陳語(yǔ)氣。* Consumers say they’re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good.* 譯文 雖然有不少令人擔(dān)憂的新聞報(bào)道，但消費(fèi)者們說(shuō)他們并沒(méi)有感到絕望，因?yàn)樗麄兊膫€(gè)人財(cái)富仍然保持良好。* Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a mon life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.* 由于我們對(duì)年輕人所做的首要工作在于使他們能夠在生活中彼此相融，因此我們不禁要考慮自己是否在形成讓他們獲得這種能力的力量。* People sometimes expect gratitude when they aren’t entitled to it.* 人們有時(shí)希望別人感激他們，盡管他們沒(méi)有權(quán)利要求別人這么做 原因狀語(yǔ)從句* 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞或復(fù)合連詞有because, since, as, for the reason that, in that等，其中because表示原因的語(yǔ)氣最重，as和since所表示的原因則常常是人們知道的。試比較以下三個(gè)句子中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：* As the time went on, the weather got worse.* When he was eating his breakfast, he heard the door bell ring.* Strike while the iron is hot.* Hardly had we arrived when it began to rain.* There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming.* 就在一批又一批科學(xué)家極力要使我們意識(shí)到全球氣候變暖這一越來(lái)越大的威脅時(shí)，今天出現(xiàn)了令人不安的類(lèi)似情況。從句翻譯*②注意as, when, while的用法區(qū)別。* These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that e naturally with age.*這些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者都是些活生生的例子，證明疾病預(yù)防措施是有效的，我們可以應(yīng)付由年紀(jì)增長(zhǎng)而自然帶來(lái)的健康問(wèn)題。* But considering realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good.* 但是現(xiàn)實(shí)地考慮一下，我們不得不正視這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：我們的前景并不妙。* An obedient son, I had accepted my father’s decision that I was to be a doctor, though the prospect interested me not at all.* 作為一個(gè)孝順的兒子，我接受了父親的決定去當(dāng)醫(yī)生，雖然我對(duì)這樣的前途毫無(wú)興趣。* 這里的名詞charge是“指控”的意思，轉(zhuǎn)換為動(dòng)詞即為“某些人批評(píng)他雖然善于觀察，卻不具備推理能力??”。，將引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞的性質(zhì)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)變。正是由于同位語(yǔ)從句的使用，使得這句話的主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)，這句話的主干應(yīng)當(dāng)是the idea rests on an ，放在先行詞之前對(duì)其解釋會(huì)使整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)失去平衡，我們把它譯成后置的并列分句。，我們可以考慮把它放在先行詞之前* But the idea/ that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen/ rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.【意群直譯】但是這種觀點(diǎn)/記者必須比普通公民更深刻地理解法律/立足于對(duì)新聞媒體既定習(xí)俗和特殊責(zé)任的了解從句翻譯* 【全句整合】但是“新聞?dòng)浾弑仨毐绕胀ü窀羁痰乩斫夥伞边@種觀點(diǎn)立足于對(duì)新聞媒體既定習(xí)俗和特殊責(zé)任的了解。that是其最常見(jiàn)的引導(dǎo)詞，不能省略。* The ambassador was giving a dinner for a few people whom he wished especially to talk to or to hear from.* 大使只宴請(qǐng)了幾個(gè)人，因?yàn)樗叵牒瓦@些人談?wù)?，?tīng)聽(tīng)他們的意見(jiàn)。（表轉(zhuǎn)折）* As you know, we operate in a highly petitive market in which we have been forced to cut our prices to the minimum.* 如你所知，我們正處在一個(gè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的市場(chǎng)中，不得不將價(jià)格降到了最低限度。（表讓步）* She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was。* 人們極其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能維持一家人的生活就行。* 司機(jī)在開(kāi)車(chē)時(shí)，不許和人談話，也不能走神。* He blamed me for everything, which I thought very unfair.* The man had suddenly awakened to the fact that there were beauty and significance in these flowers, which they had so long trodden carelessly beneath their feet.* World War II was, however, more plex than World War I, which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets, resources and * 有些定語(yǔ)從句在邏輯上相當(dāng)于讓步、條件、原因、結(jié)果等狀語(yǔ)功能，這時(shí)可將此類(lèi)從句譯為相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)分句。* 春天，公園里成千上萬(wàn)朵嬌艷的紅玫瑰幾乎同時(shí)盛開(kāi)，讓人流連忘返。溶合法：* 當(dāng)定語(yǔ)部分所給信息與被修飾詞關(guān)系緊密、必不可少時(shí)，可將原來(lái)的語(yǔ)序打亂，用自己的話將原句中的主句與定語(yǔ)從句重新組織，譯成一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子。* 我們的記錄表明，很多年輕人，其中95%是男孩，成了電腦迷。* 斯特拉特福德是莎士比亞的故鄉(xiāng)，是我向往的地方。* 他們正在為實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)理想而努力，這個(gè)理想是買(mǎi)個(gè)中國(guó)人所珍愛(ài)的，而且過(guò)去許多中國(guó)人為了這個(gè)理想而犧牲了自己的生命。* Christmas music is loved by all who hear and sing it everywhere.* I know a lot of students who want to be teachers in the future.* They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.* 圣誕樂(lè)曲為大家所喜愛(ài)，人們每年都在欣賞和演唱。后置法：* 如果定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜。* 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一家菜肴非常好的餐館。前置法：* 如果定語(yǔ)從句較短，限制能力較強(qiáng)，一般我們將此類(lèi)定語(yǔ)從句譯成帶“的”的定語(yǔ)詞組，放在被修飾的先行詞的前面。* who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句who deal in very big words 用來(lái)修飾sentimentalists(情感主義者)從句翻譯* whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句on whom they may center affections用來(lái)修飾husbands and children * which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句which are spent elsewhere, as it were, in small changes用來(lái)修飾affections * 一般情感主義者喜歡用大字眼，稱(chēng)之為對(duì)于理想愛(ài)情的渴望。把這兩部分單拿出來(lái)可以成一句完整的話，即I laughed, 英語(yǔ)從句的翻譯 定語(yǔ)從句 狀語(yǔ)從句名詞從句（主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句）定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯* 無(wú)論是限制性定語(yǔ)從句還是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)是處理為前置定語(yǔ)還是后置定語(yǔ)，要視具體情況而定；有些定語(yǔ)從句和主句存在著狀語(yǔ)關(guān)系，翻譯時(shí)更要靈活對(duì)待。如：上句賓語(yǔ)me和賓補(bǔ)laugh之間，laugh的動(dòng)作是me來(lái)做的。賓語(yǔ)：me。He made me ：he。補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的成份,補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的叫主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)充賓語(yǔ)叫賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)?！霸跓粝隆笔菭钫Z(yǔ)。狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞、副詞、形容詞甚至整句，說(shuō)明謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、伴隨狀況、目的等等。不定代詞的定語(yǔ)一律后置。定語(yǔ)：修飾限定名字、代詞的詞，說(shuō)明所修飾詞的性質(zhì)、特征等，如 a tall boy 中，tall修飾boy,tall是boy的定語(yǔ)。作表語(yǔ)的也是名詞性的詞，也可以是從句。是和系動(dòng)詞緊密相連的。4。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是“看”，看什么？看“書(shū)”，“書(shū)”是動(dòng)詞“看”所涉及的對(duì)象，是“看”的賓語(yǔ)。指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所涉及的對(duì)象，由名、代、數(shù)，賓語(yǔ)從句等相當(dāng)于名詞的詞句充當(dāng)，但人稱(chēng)代詞要用賓格。句子的各種時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化都在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞上變3。如第一例中謂語(yǔ)部分可劃分成謂語(yǔ)（看）和賓語(yǔ)（書(shū)）。一個(gè)句子，一般都可分成主、謂兩大部分（祈使句是省主句）。如上句中主語(yǔ)“我”干什么？“看書(shū)”。謂語(yǔ)：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么，干什么，怎么樣。主語(yǔ)由名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞充當(dāng)。誰(shuí)看書(shū)？“我”。它回答的是“誰(shuí)”“什么”的問(wèn)題。1。如：The student asked the teacher，how many one cubic foot of air weighs under normal conditions？參考譯文：這個(gè)學(xué)生問(wèn)老師：一立方英尺空氣有多重？從句翻譯The law of conservation and transformation of energy states that energy is indestructible and the total amount of energy in the universe is ：以that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句為普遍真理及一般規(guī)律時(shí)，或是某一規(guī)律及定義所闡述的內(nèi)容時(shí)，有時(shí)也可以在句首加冒號(hào)譯出。參考譯文：除了相對(duì)風(fēng)是水平的情況之外，升力不是垂直的。參考譯文：人與獸的區(qū)別，就在于人有思維而且會(huì)說(shuō)話。翻譯時(shí)，順序一般不變。如：Manure supplies what is deficient in the ：肥料供給土壤所缺乏的成分。賓語(yǔ)從句翻譯方法賓語(yǔ)從句可以分為兩種：一種是動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句；另一種是介詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：This is what we have discussed in this ：如表語(yǔ)不長(zhǎng)，則可譯成這就是?的內(nèi)容等。在this is what?句型中，如果先譯主句，后譯從句，通常譯為這就是?的內(nèi)容，這就是?的含意等。如：This is because the direct current flows in a