【正文】 erage performance. Control algorithms are based on actual data and attempt to nd solutions with a highquality performance. Combinatorial optimization techniques are well suited for solving planning and control problems. Case studies have shown that considerable productivity improvements are possible by applying intelligent planning and control policies [8177。s and quantities requested by a customer or by a production unit, in a DC or a production warehouse, is the process of gathering SKU39。 IIE Transactions (1999) 31, 751177。 1999 ``IIE39。s). The new interest in quality forced warehouse managers to reexamine their warehouse operation from the viewpoint of minimizing product damage, establish ing short and reliable transaction times and improving orderpicking accuracy. Current trends in warehousing and distribution logis tics are supply chain management and E?cient Consumer Response (ECR). Supply chain management and ECR pursue a demanddriven anization of the supply chain with small inventories and reliable short response times throughout the supply chain. All deliveries are driven by the sales downward in the supply chain. Such an anization requires a close cooperation among the panies in the supply chain and the immediate feedback of sales data. Nowadays, information technology enables these developments through Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and software systems such as the MRPbased Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP) systems and Warehouse Management Systems (WMS). The new market forces have the operation of warehouses tremendously. On the one hand, they demand an increased productivity. On the other hand, the rapidly changing market imposes financial risks upon the introduction of capital intensive highperformance warehousing equipment which may be di?cult to reconfigure or discard. Hence, there is a great need for sophisticated techniques that provide a dependable basis for adequate planning and control of warehouses in such plex this paper we present a survey of methods and models that have appeared in the literature for the planning and control of warehousing systems. In the remainder of Section 1, we discuss warehousing systems and warehouse management. In Sections 2 and 3 we discuss the literature on planning and control issues, respectively. Finally, in Section 4 we end with conclusions and suggestions for future research. . Warehousing Warehousing involves all movement of goods within warehouses and Distribution Centers (DC39。他們提出一個基于背包的啟發(fā)：給持續(xù)減小儲金花費的前部區(qū)域中分配數(shù)量，并且直到滿為止。他們認為補充產(chǎn)品中的再補充經(jīng)驗與分配數(shù)量無關(guān)。相應地，應當從前 部區(qū)域中采購產(chǎn)品與如何為每樣產(chǎn)品分配空間的問題產(chǎn)生了。他通過分解推導出了用于前部區(qū)域產(chǎn)品的潛在利用與存儲單元采購期收支平衡的重要性。他指出分散的儲備區(qū)域情況是正常的。 BOZER 用更高層區(qū)域與前部區(qū)域處理分裂貨物架的問題。無論前部區(qū)域的產(chǎn)品何時耗盡都可以在儲備區(qū)中補充。每種入庫系統(tǒng)都是特別基于尺寸，重量，形狀，不可儲藏性，體積，需求率，采購量，運輸量，儲存模式等需求特征產(chǎn)品組裝備的。 我們將在 部分與 部分中論述這些資料。由于儲存場所任務的問題自始自終都是比較棘手的，我們提出將儲存場所規(guī)劃步驟分 4 階段的等級體系。成熟水準的步驟，是作為一個供應與收回商品場所選擇的架構(gòu)。案例研究已經(jīng)表明可以通過應用理性的規(guī)劃與控制方法來相當大的改進生產(chǎn)力。控制規(guī)則系統(tǒng)基于現(xiàn)實數(shù)據(jù)并且試圖找到一個高質(zhì)量成果的解決方法。規(guī)劃問題涉及到中間時期與考慮其間存在的情況。 由于戰(zhàn)略判斷有著一段長時期的影響 ，這些判斷有著高度的不可靠性?；仡欂敭a(chǎn)目錄模型，考慮到總體詳細目錄的數(shù)量，我們將他們分類為 HARIGA 與 JACKSON。財產(chǎn)目錄管理決定了多少數(shù)量的哪個產(chǎn)品被保存在倉庫與什么時候裝運到達。 規(guī)劃與控制判斷取決于戰(zhàn)略管理判斷與