【正文】 提高導(dǎo)電性。增加硬度，以提高到鋼的抗耐磨性和加強(qiáng)鋼使之能承受更多的使用條件。改善熱處理鋼可能產(chǎn)生的粗糙晶粒的晶粒結(jié)構(gòu)。這有時(shí)也被稱(chēng)作退火過(guò)程。至于該過(guò)程怎樣使鋼變得有韌性，我們將在以后討論。當(dāng)鋼被淬火之后，它通常是硬和易碎的；甚至落地會(huì)破碎，為了使鋼更有韌性，它必須被回火。淬火淬火就是通過(guò)冷浸鋼，那就是使鋼從轉(zhuǎn)變溫度以上的一個(gè)溫度快速冷卻。正火正火和退火相同，除了鋼是被空冷的；這比在爐中冷卻得更快。在退火中，使鋼加熱到轉(zhuǎn)變溫度以上的一個(gè)適宜溫度后緩慢地冷卻。這些方法介紹如下。it may even crack if make the steel more ductile, it must be is identical with annealing, except that the steel is air cooled。Remove stresses induced by cold working or to remove stresses set up by nonuniform cooling of hot metal objects。Secure the proper grain structure。Increase the hardness so as to increase resistance to wear or to enable the steel to withstand more service conditions。Increase the toughness。in fact, it is very is needed to impart ductility to the martensite, usually at a small sacrifice in addition, tempering greatly increases the resistance of martensite to shock TreatmentThe hardest condition for any given steel is obtained by quenching to a fully martensitic hardness is directly related to strength, a steel posed of 100% martensite is at its strongest possible , strength is not the only property that must be considered in the application of steel may be equally or modify the magnetic properties of the electrical properties。C and 595176。s demand for clean energy, but also is the most viable hydrogen production methods from renewable energy near the : largescale:，大量的utilization:，利用renewable:，可再生的viable:，改善能源結(jié)構(gòu)，減少環(huán)境污染，滿(mǎn)足人們對(duì)清潔能源的需求，而且是近中期最為可行的可再生能源制氫方式。It is further parable to a coalfueled power plant with respect to flue gas emissions and solid residues from the bustion process and flue gas —；bustion—；flue—煙道；這是進(jìn)一步就煙氣排放和在燃燒過(guò)程、煙氣清理中的固體殘留與燃煤發(fā)電廠(chǎng)的比較。In spite of the perceived low heating values of biodegradable waste, the increasing volumes of MSW as well as the generally high percentage of the organic ponent observed in Ghana’s MSW means that the amount of energy that can be obtained from the waste is not —、認(rèn)知；biodegradable—可生物降解的；insignificant—微不足道的；盡管我們所感知的可生物質(zhì)降解的垃圾熱值低，但加納持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)的大量的城市生活垃圾和其被觀(guān)察到的普遍高含量的有機(jī)成分意味著蘊(yùn)藏其中的可被利用的能量值是不容小覷的。kei??n] 可是對(duì)于生物質(zhì)能，它將可能僅在非常大的范圍內(nèi)獲得，然而在大氣中的生物質(zhì)氣化將在相當(dāng)小的范圍內(nèi)獲得這些效能。s] biomass bustion 生物質(zhì)能large scales 大規(guī)模gasification [,ɡ230。In the case of biomass bustion , however, this will be possible on only very large scales, whereas atmospheric biomass gasification is projected to attain these efficiencies on considerably smaller scales。b?st??n] ，氧化；騷動(dòng)moisture [39。v230。第二篇：過(guò)程裝備與控制工程專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)翻譯In our parison of the net electrical power output of both bined heat and power(CHP)and poweronly plants, the electrical output of the CHP plants is assumed to be the output that could the oretically be produced if there were no heat electrical power凈電力bined heat and power熱電聯(lián)供Plant設(shè)備be assumed to be假設(shè)為T(mén)heoretically理論地；理論上在我們的熱電聯(lián)供和只供電的設(shè)備的凈電力輸出比較中，熱電聯(lián)供設(shè)備的電力輸出是看做理論上如果沒(méi)有熱輸出時(shí)產(chǎn)生的輸出量。比利時(shí)《壓力容器構(gòu)造可靠實(shí)踐規(guī)范》，比利時(shí)布魯塞爾市比利時(shí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)會(huì)（IBN）。日本《日本壓力容器規(guī)范》（勞動(dòng)部制定），日本東京市日本鍋爐協(xié)會(huì)出版；JISB8243《日本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》，《壓力容器建造》，日本東京市日本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)會(huì)出版；《日本高壓氣體控制法》，國(guó)際貿(mào)易與產(chǎn)業(yè)部制定，日本東京高壓氣體工程安全協(xié)會(huì)出版。法國(guó)《不用火加熱壓力容器建造規(guī)范計(jì)算規(guī)則》，法國(guó)巴黎市SNCT結(jié)構(gòu)。由于全球化的發(fā)展，這種事是經(jīng)常發(fā)生的。世界通用的壓力容器規(guī)范除了ASME鍋爐和壓力容器規(guī)范在世界范圍內(nèi)被規(guī)范使用外，許多其他的壓力容器規(guī)范也在世界其他國(guó)家依法使用。新版本的規(guī)范頒布后就必須強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行。其他事關(guān)于特種設(shè)備的的材料和使用方法以及控制，還有的是關(guān)于已安裝好的設(shè)備的維護(hù)和檢查。ASME鍋爐和壓力容器規(guī)范的組成ASME鍋爐和壓力容器規(guī)范分成許多部分、章節(jié)、子章節(jié)。另有一部ANSI/ASME鍋爐和壓力容器規(guī)范作為法規(guī)已在美國(guó)的47個(gè)州和加拿大的所有省份實(shí)施。那時(shí)，最初的規(guī)范變?yōu)閴毫θ萜鞯诎瞬?，第一章，新的一部則是壓力容器替代規(guī)范第八部，第二章。1952年，這兩部規(guī)范合并成一部ASME無(wú)火壓力容器規(guī)范，第八部。接下來(lái)的17年，出現(xiàn)了兩部獨(dú)立的壓力容器規(guī)范。1931年12月，一個(gè)名為APIASME聯(lián)合委員會(huì)的組織組建了起來(lái)，目的是為石油工業(yè)編寫(xiě)無(wú)火的壓力容器規(guī)范。ASME關(guān)于壓力容器的第一部法規(guī)叫做《無(wú)火壓力容器的建造規(guī)范》，第八部，1925版。名為“《鍋爐建造規(guī)范》1914版”。1911年，美國(guó)機(jī)械工程師學(xué)會(huì)(ASME)。首部有關(guān)鍋爐設(shè)計(jì)和建設(shè)的法律與1907年8月30日在馬薩諸塞州頒布。1906年，馬薩諸塞州的林恩市的另一家鞋廠(chǎng)再次發(fā)生一起爆炸事故，同樣造成了大范圍的人員傷亡和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。類(lèi)似的災(zāi)難在19世紀(jì)早期頻發(fā)。 Sons Inc.,1984.)閱讀材料16壓力容器規(guī)范美國(guó)壓力容器規(guī)范從18世紀(jì)晚期到19世紀(jì)早期，鍋爐和壓力容器爆炸事故頻發(fā)。and others relate to care and inspection of installed following Sections specifically relate to boiler and pressure vessel design and ⅠPower Boilers(1 volume)Section ⅢDivision 1Nuclear Power Plant Components(7 volumes)Division 2Concrete Reactor Vessels and Containment(1 volume)Code CaseCase 1 Components in Elevated Temperature service(in Nuclear Code N47Case book)Section Ⅳ Heating Boilers(1 volume)Section ⅧDivision 1 Pressure Vessels(1 volume)Division 2 Alternative Rules for Pressure Vessels(1 volume)Section Ⅹ FiberglassReinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels(1 volume)A new edition of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code is issued on July 1 every three years and new addenda are issued every six months on January 1 and July new edition of the code bees mandatory when it addenda are permissive at the date of issuance and bee mandatory six months after that Pressure Vessel CodesIn addition to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, which is used worldwide, many other pressure vessel codes have been legally adopted in various often occurs when vessels are designed in one country, built in another country, and installed in still a different this worldwide construction this is often the following list is a partial summary of some of the various codes used in different countries:AustraliaAustralian Code for Boilers and Pressure Vessels, SAA Boiler Code(Series AS1200): AS1210, Unfired Pressure Vessels and Class 1 H, Pressure Vessels of Advanced Design and Construction, Standards Association of Code Calculation Rules for Unfired Pressure Vessels, Syndicat National de la Chaudronnerie et de la Tuyauterie Industrielle(SNCT), Paris, KingdomBritish Code , British Standards Institution, London, Pressure Vessel Code, Ministry of LABOR, PUBLISHED BY Japan Boiler Association, Tokyo, Japan。第一篇：過(guò)程裝備與控制工程專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)翻譯 16Reading Material 16PressureVesselCodesHistory of Pressure Vessel Codes in the United StatesThrough the late 1800s and early 1900s, explosions in boilers and pressure vessels were firetube boiler explosion on the Mississippi River steamboat Sultana on April 27, 1865, resulted in the boat’s sinking within 20 minutes and the death of 1500 soldiers going home after the Civil type of catastrophe continued unabated into the early 1905, a destructiv