【正文】 E規(guī)范得以頒布。1952年，這兩部規(guī)范合并成一部ASME無火壓力容器規(guī)范，第八部。這部規(guī)范一直沿用到1968版本出現(xiàn)。那時，最初的規(guī)范變?yōu)閴毫θ萜鞯诎瞬?，第一章，新的一部則是壓力容器替代規(guī)范第八部，第二章。ANSI/ASME鍋爐和壓力容器規(guī)范是美國機械工程學(xué)會在美國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)委員會(ANSI)的支持下作為ANSI/ASME文件頒布的。另有一部ANSI/ASME鍋爐和壓力容器規(guī)范作為法規(guī)已在美國的47個州和加拿大的所有省份實施。同樣，在世界上許多其他國家，這部規(guī)范也被用來作為鍋爐和壓力容器建造的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。ASME鍋爐和壓力容器規(guī)范的組成ASME鍋爐和壓力容器規(guī)范分成許多部分、章節(jié)、子章節(jié)。其中的一些是關(guān)于特種設(shè)備的。其他事關(guān)于特種設(shè)備的的材料和使用方法以及控制，還有的是關(guān)于已安裝好的設(shè)備的維護和檢查。以下的章節(jié)是關(guān)于鍋爐和壓力容器的設(shè)計和建造的第一章 動力鍋爐（1卷）第三章第一節(jié)核動力設(shè)備的組成（7卷）第二節(jié)混凝土反應(yīng)容器及其防漏（1卷）標(biāo)準(zhǔn)容器《案例1 升溫裝置中的部件》（在核規(guī)范N47案例書中）第四章 加熱鍋爐（1卷）第八章第一節(jié)壓力容器（1卷）第二節(jié) 壓力容器的替代規(guī)范（1卷）第十章 玻璃纖維加強塑料容器（1卷）每過三年的7月1日就會頒布一部新的ASME鍋爐和壓力容器規(guī)范，每六個月，即1月1日和7月1日就會有一部新的附錄。新版本的規(guī)范頒布后就必須強制執(zhí)行。新的附錄在頒布之日起即可使用，并在六個月強制執(zhí)行。世界通用的壓力容器規(guī)范除了ASME鍋爐和壓力容器規(guī)范在世界范圍內(nèi)被規(guī)范使用外，許多其他的壓力容器規(guī)范也在世界其他國家依法使用。當(dāng)壓力容器的設(shè)計、制造、安裝都在不同的國家時往往會出現(xiàn)問題。由于全球化的發(fā)展，這種事是經(jīng)常發(fā)生的。以下是在不同國家使用的不同規(guī)范的部分摘要：澳大利亞澳大利亞鍋爐與壓力容器標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，SAA鍋爐標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（AS1200系列）：AS1210，非火加熱類壓力容器和分類1H，改進后的設(shè)計與制造壓力容器，澳大利亞協(xié)會標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。法國《不用火加熱壓力容器建造規(guī)范計算規(guī)則》，法國巴黎市SNCT結(jié)構(gòu)。英國《》，英國倫敦市英國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)會。日本《日本壓力容器規(guī)范》（勞動部制定），日本東京市日本鍋爐協(xié)會出版；JISB8243《日本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》，《壓力容器建造》，日本東京市日本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)會出版；《日本高壓氣體控制法》，國際貿(mào)易與產(chǎn)業(yè)部制定，日本東京高壓氣體工程安全協(xié)會出版。意大利《意大利壓力容器規(guī)范》，意大利米蘭市國家燃燒控制協(xié)會（ANCC）。比利時《壓力容器構(gòu)造可靠實踐規(guī)范》，比利時布魯塞爾市比利時標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)會（IBN）。瑞典《瑞典壓力容器規(guī)范》，瑞典斯德哥爾摩市瑞典壓力容器委員會。第二篇：過程裝備與控制工程專業(yè)英語翻譯In our parison of the net electrical power output of both bined heat and power(CHP)and poweronly plants, the electrical output of the CHP plants is assumed to be the output that could the oretically be produced if there were no heat electrical power凈電力bined heat and power熱電聯(lián)供Plant設(shè)備be assumed to be假設(shè)為Theoretically理論地；理論上在我們的熱電聯(lián)供和只供電的設(shè)備的凈電力輸出比較中，熱電聯(lián)供設(shè)備的電力輸出是看做理論上如果沒有熱輸出時產(chǎn)生的輸出量。The lower heating value is defined here as the higher heating value(HHV)minus the energy necessary to evaporate the water that is created by the bustion of the hydrogen in the fuel and minus the energy needed to evaporate the moisture that was already part of the fuel before value熱值Evaporate [?39。v230。p?ret]……蒸發(fā)；使……脫水；使……消失，揮發(fā)；消失，失蹤Combustion [k?m39。b?st??n] ，氧化；騷動moisture [39。m??st??] ；濕度；潮濕；降雨量低熱值在這里定義為高熱值減去使水分蒸發(fā)所需要的能量，這些能量包括使燃料中的氫燃燒產(chǎn)生的水分蒸發(fā)所必需的能量和使燃料燃燒前所含有的水分蒸發(fā)所需要的能量。In the case of biomass bustion , however, this will be possible on only very large scales, whereas atmospheric biomass gasification is projected to attain these efficiencies on considerably smaller scales。biomass [‘ba??(?)m230。s] biomass bustion 生物質(zhì)能large scales 大規(guī)模gasification [,ɡ230。sifi39。kei??n] 可是對于生物質(zhì)能，它將可能僅在非常大的范圍內(nèi)獲得，然而在大氣中的生物質(zhì)氣化將在相當(dāng)小的范圍內(nèi)獲得這些效能。In developing countries like Ghana where solid waste disposal is increasingly an environmental burden with its attendant health hazards, the idea of converting the organic fraction of municipal solid waste into energy for the national grid is a wele proposition towards reducing volumes of domestic waste to be disposed of or —；burden—；attendant—隨員、伴隨的；hazard—；convert—；organic fraction—有機部分；municipal—市政的；the national grid—國家電網(wǎng)；proposition—提議volumes of—大量的；在像加納這樣的發(fā)展中國家中，因為伴隨著健康危害，固體垃圾處理正日益成為環(huán)境負擔(dān)，而把城市生活垃圾轉(zhuǎn)換成電能并輸送到國家電網(wǎng)中的想法，對于減少將被處理或填埋的大量的生活垃圾來說，是一個不錯的提議。In spite of the perceived low heating values of biodegradable waste, the increasing volumes of MSW as well as the generally high percentage of the organic ponent observed in Ghana’s MSW means that the amount of energy that can be obtained from the waste is not —、認知；biodegradable—可生物降解的；insignificant—微不足道的；盡管我們所感知的可生物質(zhì)降解的垃圾熱值低，但加納持續(xù)增長的大量的城市生活垃圾和其被觀察到的普遍高含量的有機成分意味著蘊藏其中的可被利用的能量值是不容小覷的。Thus, a bined cycle plant can be designed that uses the hot flue gases produced from organic waste bustion to generate steam and gasify liquid methane in stages to turn a steam turbine and a gas turbine respectively , and the flue gases, cooled down, can be used to predry the organic waste in a cycle for use as fuel to increase the efficiency of the —；turbine—渦輪機；因此，一個聯(lián)合循環(huán)電廠可以被設(shè)計成這樣：使用有機垃圾燃燒產(chǎn)生的熱煙氣分步地去生產(chǎn)蒸汽去轉(zhuǎn)動蒸汽輪機和氣化液態(tài)甲烷去轉(zhuǎn)動燃氣輪機，然后被冷卻下來的煙氣可作為燃料循環(huán)地用于預(yù)熱有機垃圾以提高電廠的效率。It is further parable to a coalfueled power plant with respect to flue gas emissions and solid residues from the bustion process and flue gas —；bustion—；flue—煙道；這是進一步就煙氣排放和在燃燒過程、煙氣清理中的固體殘留與燃煤發(fā)電廠的比較。王局長：Hydrogen production from biomass can contribute not only to largescale development and utilization of renewable energy, improve energy structure and reduce pollution as well as to meet people39。s demand for clean energy, but also is the most viable hydrogen production methods from renewable energy near the : largescale:，大量的utilization:，利用renewable:，可再生的viable:，改善能源結(jié)構(gòu)，減少環(huán)境污染，滿足人們對清潔能源的需求，而且是近中期最為可行的可再生能源制氫方式。Biomass gasification in supercritical water(SCW超臨界水)is a promising technology for Hydrogen production from biomass, which is based on the special physical and chemical properties of water near the critical point.第三篇：過程裝備與控制工程專業(yè)專業(yè)英語翻譯9Reading Material 9Heat Treatment of SteelTypes of Heat Treating OperationsFive operations are detailed in this lesson as the basis of heat of theseOperations RelievingWhen a metal Is heated，expansion occurs which is more or less proportional to the temperature cooling a metal,the reverse reaction takes is, a contraction is observed．When a steel bar or plate is heated at one point more than at another，as in welding or during forging，Internal stresses are set up．During heating, expansion of the heated area cannot take place unhindered，and it tends to deform．On cooling，contraction is prevented from taking place by the unyielding cold metal surrounding the heated area．The forces attempting to contract the metal are not relieved，and when the metal is cold again，the forces remain as internal stresses．stresses also result from volume changes, which acpany metal transformations and precipitation．Internal or residual stresses are bad because they may cause warping of steel parts when they are machined．To0relieve these stresses，steel is heated to around 595C，assuming that the entirepart is heated uniformly, then cooled slowly back to room temperature．This procedure is called stress relief annealing, or merely stress of characteristics inherent in cast