【正文】 rated and modified within methods. This feature enables the creation of new rules and modification of existing ones dynamically, during system operation. An example of a rule for noise and the deposition of the goal Para metClima into subgoals are illustrated in Fig. 10. Fig. 10. Rule Noise1 and the parametclimate goal The interface developed for PROTECTOR in KAPPAPC fully exploits the GUI (graphical user interface) technology available for MS Windows applications. It enables a straightforward and easy manipulation of input data and control over parts of the problemsolving process. It also offers suggestions and re mendations to the user which can contribute to the improvement of the overall performance of the mine system. 5. The opencast mine Kolubara field D: a case study This section illustrates the use of the PROTECTOR hybrid system in the analysis and estimation of the state of mining environment safety in the opencast mine Kolubara Field D. One of the main reasons for choosing opencast Kolubara Field D for the analysis is the scale of this mine in terms of coal production and number of employees, which makes it the largest coal opencast mine in Serbia. The Kolubara mining region is about 50 km southwest of Belgrade near the town of Lazarevac. Four opencast mines are operated in this region at present. The total output in 2021 was million tons which is about 80% of the lignite output from Serbian opencast mines. The opencast mine Kolubara Field D is equipped exclusively with bucketwheel excavators – belt conveyor – spreader systems (Fig. 11). Draglines of various sizes are used to support the main equipment. The bucketwheel excavators used for overburden removal are connected to the spreaders on the inside dump via belt conveyor systems. Two separate belt conveyor systems are operating on independent working levels for lignite mining. The opencast mine capacity is rated for a lignite output of 15 million tons supported by a workforce of 2550 employees. Fig. 11. Present opencast position in Field D In order to assess the overall mining environment safety state of the Field D open pit, measurements of physical and chemical parameters at the working environment were undertaken. Measurements included determination of concentration of gases and airborne dust, levels of noise and vibrations, as well as illumination and climate conditions (dry and wet bulb tempera ture, humidity, effective temperature) at working environments. Observations were performed at all working environments on the Field D open pit during the summer period as requested by Serbian mining and occupational safety regulations. On basis of all data collected in the system’s database, an expertise by PROTECTOR was initiated. A chain of rules leading to assessments of specific characteristics of the mine working environment was activated using the appropriate mand buttons on the main interface panel (Fig. 12). The report on the results of the expertise was then displayed on the same panel. Application of PROTECTOR enabled evaluation and analyses of physical and chemical parameters at working environments for each working position separately, resulting in suggestion of measures for condition improvements. Fig. 12. Main interface panel with the results of the expertise. Some 144 working environments were analyzed, with a total of 864 parameters examined. Fig. 13 provides an overview of the number of working environments which meet requirements regarding safety and fort according to six (out of six), five, four and three examined parameters in the process of lignite mining at Field D open pit. Fig. 13. Working environments parameters overview at Field D open pit It should be emphasized that only 19 examined working environments, out of 144, or %, meet each requirement. It should be added that as much as 63 (%) and 58 (%) working environments are having, respectively, at least one and two parameter values which are harmful for the health of employees. A somewhat favorable fact is that only 4 working environments (%) have half of the examined parameters with harmful values. Evaluation overview (satisfactory/unsatisfactory) by specific parameters is presented in Fig. 14. The benchmarks for satis factory parameters are limit values defined by mining legislation. Fig. 14. Evaluation overview of harmful parameters at working environments at Field D open pit. Airborne dust concentration, with levels higher than allowed, was found at 102 working environments. This parameter stands for % of the total of unsatisfactory parameters (192).Noise level was higher than allowed at 76 working environments (% of total unsatisfactory parameters). Climate parameters were unsatisfactory at 10 working environments, accounting for % of the total number of unsatisfactory parameters. Illumina tion was below allowed minimum value at 3 working environ ments, thus making only % of total unsatisfactory parameters. Vibrations have not met the requirements at only 1 working environment。 Marques de Sa180。 Joy and Griffiths, 2021) which aims to provide advice on hazard identification and risk assessment within the mining industry. Systems safety analysis methods provide a proactive approach to analyze systems for potential hazards that may threaten the health and safety of miners. The systems approach to the safety problem focuses on the system taken as a whole. It involves the interaction of people, machines, and environment within proce dural constraints (Hammer, 1972). It uses a number of techni ques: the technique of operations review, the failure mode and effects analysis technique, the fault tree analysis technique. Contemporary mining theory operates with a number of methods and techniques which can be used to solve mine safety problems. These methods are used in current eng