【正文】
交接手續(xù)、費(fèi)用和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)責(zé)任劃分上不同。FOB、CFR、CIF的異同比較:(1)相同點(diǎn):①運(yùn)輸方式相同:都只適用于水上運(yùn)輸②交貨地點(diǎn):裝 運(yùn)港口③風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移的界限:都是以裝運(yùn)港越的船舷為界限(2)不同點(diǎn):①賣方義務(wù)不同②費(fèi)用承擔(dān)不同③價(jià)格構(gòu)成不同試比較CIF和DES的異同。CFR(CostandFreight?namedportofdestination),即成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)(指定目的港)指賣方負(fù)責(zé)租船或訂艙,支付運(yùn)費(fèi),在合同中規(guī)定的裝運(yùn)期限內(nèi)在裝運(yùn)港將貨物交付至運(yùn)往指定目的港的船上,負(fù)擔(dān)貨物越過(guò)船舷以前的一切費(fèi)用和貨物滅失或損壞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。指賣方應(yīng)在 規(guī)定的裝運(yùn)期限內(nèi)在指定裝運(yùn)港將貨物交付至買方指定的船上,并負(fù)擔(dān)貨物越過(guò)船舷以前的一切費(fèi)用和貨物滅失或損壞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。有關(guān)貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)的國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例有哪些?(1)《1932年華沙—牛津規(guī)則》(2)《1941年美國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易定義修訂本》(3)《2000年國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋規(guī)則》試比較FOB、CFR和CIF三種術(shù)語(yǔ)的異同。每一模式都規(guī)定了買賣雙方在某些貿(mào)易條件中所承擔(dān)的 義務(wù)。國(guó)際貿(mào)易中,買賣雙方所承擔(dān)的義務(wù),會(huì)影響到商品的價(jià)格。簡(jiǎn)要介紹目前常見(jiàn)的國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例。后者則是兩個(gè)或多個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)之間以條約的形式達(dá)成某種貿(mào)易協(xié)議,其效力只在締約國(guó)之間有效;二、前者不是書(shū)面的規(guī)則,后者則屬書(shū)面的規(guī)則;三、在國(guó)際法上,條約的效力高于慣例的效力;四、對(duì)于前者,各個(gè)國(guó)家都有遵守的義務(wù),對(duì)于條約,非締約國(guó)沒(méi)有遵守的義務(wù);五、一般是慣例產(chǎn)生的時(shí)間要早于條約的時(shí)間,條約往往是對(duì)慣例的重要肯定。目前我國(guó)的國(guó)內(nèi)法所涉及的有關(guān)國(guó)際貿(mào)易的主要法律有:(1)關(guān)于使用國(guó)際貨物買賣的國(guó)內(nèi)立法:《中華人民共和國(guó)合同法》(2)關(guān)于適用于國(guó)際貨物運(yùn)輸與保險(xiǎn)的國(guó)內(nèi)立法:《中華人民共和國(guó)海商法》(3)關(guān)于適用于國(guó)際貨款收付的國(guó)內(nèi)立法:《中華人民共和國(guó)票據(jù)法》(4)關(guān)于適用于對(duì)外貿(mào)易管理的國(guó)內(nèi)立法:《中華人民共和國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易法》、《中華人民共和國(guó)海關(guān)法》、《中華人民共和國(guó)進(jìn)出口商品檢驗(yàn) 檢疫法》(5)關(guān)于適用于國(guó)際商事仲裁的國(guó)內(nèi)立法:《中華人民共和國(guó)仲裁法》如何正確理解國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例?它與國(guó)際貿(mào)易條約有何異同點(diǎn)?國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例一般是指國(guó)際貿(mào)易業(yè)務(wù)中,經(jīng)過(guò)反復(fù)實(shí)踐形成的,并 經(jīng)過(guò)國(guó)際組織加以解釋和編撰的一些行為規(guī)范和習(xí)慣做法。進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易業(yè)務(wù)的基本流程包括哪些環(huán)節(jié)?在各環(huán)節(jié)應(yīng)注意哪些事項(xiàng)?出口貿(mào)易的基本流程:(1)出口交易前的準(zhǔn)備工作階段(2)交易 磋商和簽訂合同階段(3)出口合同履行階段 進(jìn)口貿(mào)易的基本流程:(1)進(jìn)口交易前的準(zhǔn)備工作階段(2)交易 磋商和簽訂進(jìn)口合同階段(3)進(jìn)口合同的履行階段了解國(guó)際貿(mào)易交易過(guò)程中所適用的法律和國(guó)際貿(mào)易慣例對(duì)從事國(guó) 際貿(mào)易有何作用?了解所適用的法律可以保證國(guó)際貿(mào)易的順利進(jìn)行,使國(guó)際貿(mào)易順利進(jìn)行,使國(guó)際貿(mào)易得到法律的承認(rèn)和保護(hù);而國(guó)際慣例的運(yùn)用,有利于國(guó)際貿(mào)易中的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)相互銜接,從而促進(jìn)國(guó)際貿(mào)易正常有序的進(jìn)行和確保其可持續(xù)發(fā)展。其他的單證包括: 原產(chǎn)地證明、領(lǐng)事發(fā)票、保險(xiǎn)單證、檢驗(yàn)單以及其他單證。既然其正式名稱為單證信用證,信用證上所列的條款都涉及在指定時(shí)間內(nèi)出示指定單證。一旦供應(yīng)商/出口商/銷售者達(dá)到信用證條款要求,銀行將替買方/進(jìn)口者支付預(yù)定金額。Chapter10信用狀況credit standard 遠(yuǎn)期信用證time L /C,usance L /C 通知銀行advising bank 信用證有效期the maturity of L /C 交付運(yùn)單delivery of B /L 支付保障條款confirmation of credit 支付結(jié)算payment and settlement 申請(qǐng)人與受益人applicant and beneficiary 國(guó)際保理international factoring Ⅱ irrevocable letter of credit 不可撤銷信用證 confirmed L /C 保兌信用證revocable letter of credit 可撤銷信用證 sight draft 即期匯票mercial bill of exchange 商業(yè)匯票 time draft 遠(yuǎn)期匯票governmental guarantee 政府保函 drawee 付款人 L /C is a letter of credit that cannot be canceled or changed with the consent of all parties draft is a mercial bill of exchange calling for payment to be made at some time after is a person or party who is to receive a letter of credit is a letter of credit that can be changed by any of the parties draft is a mercial bill of exchange that requires payment to be made as soon as it is presented to the party obligated to L /C is a letter of credit to which a bank in the exporter’s country adds its guarantee of bill of exchange is an instrument of payment in international business that instructs the importer to forward payment to the guarantee is an agreement of the government to be responsible for the fulfillment of someone else’s promise.Ⅲ.L /C 的全稱是跟單信用證或單證信用證。(或者到期日前15 天)為止,這段時(shí)間內(nèi)產(chǎn)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。保險(xiǎn)金額為CIF 價(jià)的110%。,用以保因戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)引起損失的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。: 方便處理貨物,減少盜竊,減少暴露,節(jié)約裝船成本。買方必須自貨物在指定的裝運(yùn)港越過(guò)船舷之刻起承當(dāng)貨物滅失或損壞的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。如果交貨地在其它地方,賣方對(duì)卸載沒(méi)有責(zé)任。 FCA,the chosen place of delivery has an impact on the obligations of loading and unloading the goods at that delivery occurs at the seller’s premise,the seller is responsible for delivery occurs at any other place,the seller is not responsible for 項(xiàng)下,交貨地的選擇對(duì)貨物的裝船與卸載責(zé)任有影響。第三篇:國(guó)際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)課后答案Chapter5Ⅰ FOB 班輪條件FOB liner term 清關(guān)customs clearance FOB 吊鉤下交貨FOB Under Tackle平艙trim 多式聯(lián)運(yùn)multimodal transport 船舷ship’s rail 內(nèi)陸水運(yùn)marine navigation on inland waterway 理艙stowing shipping space 卸貨費(fèi)discharge expense 投保cover/procure/ effect/arrange insurance CFR 卸至岸上(含著陸費(fèi))CFR Landed 班輪liner ships 單據(jù)買賣documentary sales/ buying and selling of documents CFR 艙底交貨CFR Exship’s Hold CFR 班輪條件CFR liner terms 象征性交貨symbolic delivery Ⅱ CFR,buyer should effect CIF ExShip’s Hold, the buyer should pay the discharge CIF,the insured amount should be US $22000 if the contracted price is US$ CIP,seller has to procure insurance against the buyer’s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the FAS term requires the seller to clear the goods for DEQ term requires the buyer to proceed with the customs clearance for imports and payment of all customs DDP,the seller must pay the costs of customs duties as well as all duties,taxes and other official charges payable upon exportation and importation of the DDU the seller must give the buyer instant notice of the shipping of the goods as well as any other notice required in order to allow the buyer to take measure.Ⅲ price quoted includes 5% mission on FOB 的價(jià)格并含5%的傭金。(3)結(jié)合本案例:進(jìn)口公司按期議付了貨款,表示我公司產(chǎn)品在目的港后本身沒(méi)有問(wèn)題,也即說(shuō)明產(chǎn)品的銹損發(fā)生在內(nèi)地,這風(fēng)險(xiǎn)已超過(guò)了裝運(yùn)港的船舷,應(yīng)由買方承提;進(jìn)口出具的商檢證書(shū)是某內(nèi)地的,并未按合同規(guī)定的在目的港檢驗(yàn),這不符合合同的規(guī)定;合同中明確規(guī)定貨到目的港后30天內(nèi)檢驗(yàn),而進(jìn)口公司卻在半年后才發(fā)來(lái)檢驗(yàn)證書(shū)。P253 答:(1)進(jìn)口商的索賠無(wú)道理。答:.不能。本案合同項(xiàng)下的買方,以上一批交貨質(zhì)量有爭(zhēng)議為由而拒絕向銀行付款贖單,是毫無(wú)道理的。P237答:本案合同規(guī)定按信用證付款方式成交,而信用證是獨(dú)立于