【正文】 由連詞when, while引出。When she appeared, John, wearing a dirty and wornout overcoat, ran to her with ，約翰穿著一件又臟又破的大衣高興地跑了過去。③–ing分詞還可以作非限制性定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，常用逗號(hào)和句子其它部分分開。如：reading room 閱覽室 swimming pool 游泳池 dining car 餐車sleeping car 臥車 singing petition 歌詠比賽 waiting room 候車室a waiting car 一輛等待著的車 a sleeping child一個(gè)酣睡的孩子 flying fish 飛魚 the exciting news令人振奮的消息 a boring speech令人乏味的演出②ing分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，也相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。On hearing the news, all the pupils jumped with ，所有的學(xué)生都高興得跳了起來(lái)。如：He left ahead of time without saying a 。/ 16句式部分 加油！加菜！He used to spend a lot of time(in)playing 。注意：在有些句子中，介詞常可省去。此類短語(yǔ)還有很多。They don’t feel like walking that 。39。Do you consider it any good trying again? 你覺得再試一次會(huì)有好處嗎？ ③ing分詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)，經(jīng)常用在一些短語(yǔ)的后面。②ing分詞作賓語(yǔ)也可用在復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中作真正的賓語(yǔ)，而用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。39。如：I suggest doing it in a different 。The problem is quite 。There is no holding back the wheel of 。②在There is no結(jié)構(gòu)中，通常用ing分詞。39。如： It is no use crying over spilt 。在下面兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中，ing分詞也作主語(yǔ)。s fulltime 。1)–ing分詞（短語(yǔ)）作主語(yǔ)：Laying eggs is the ant queen39。This book is well worth 。注意：在need, want, require, be worth等動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))后，作賓語(yǔ)的ing分詞常用主動(dòng)形式來(lái)表示被動(dòng)含義。He never talked about his having been interviewed by the / 16句式部分 加油！加菜！采訪的事情。根據(jù)ing分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，ing分詞的被動(dòng)式有一般被動(dòng)式(being done)和完成被動(dòng)式(having been done)。Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the ，他考試不及格。：ing分詞的一般式表示和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；完成式表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and ，我只好在家里等著。（7）ing分詞是由動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾ing構(gòu)成。如：Mary gave some advice on how to learn 。The most important problem is how to get so much 。t know whether to laugh or to ，他不知道該哭還是該笑。6)疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式：不定式和疑問詞whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, why等連用可以在句中起名詞的作用，通常跟在tell, know, show, decide, learn, wonder, explain, advise, teach, discuss, find out等動(dòng)詞后面作賓語(yǔ)，有時(shí)也可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。如：/ 16句式部分 加油！加菜！Try not to be late again next 。We are happy to have been helping each other these 。4)不定式的完成進(jìn)行式如果不定式表示的動(dòng)作是謂語(yǔ)所表示時(shí)間之前一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，就需要用完成進(jìn)行式。He pretended to be listening to the teacher 。它在句中可以用作除謂語(yǔ)以外的所有成分。It has been an honor for me to have traveled so much in your ，在你們國(guó)家旅行這么多地方是一件很榮幸的事情。I am sorry to have kept you waiting so 。2)不定式的完成式不定式的完成式所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生，它在句中可作表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，有時(shí)也可作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。如：They invited us to go there this 。t learn all these English idioms by , that , what , what , that 答案: , whether CABBB 610 ACACD(6）/ 16句式部分 加油！加菜！不定式是由不定式符號(hào)to+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，在某些情況下to也可省略。t know ____________ I had this photo it was that was that it was was why es from either Oxford or can39。s generally considered unwise to give a child he or she ：1． It was true Alice did surprised her , what , that matter much he can39。測(cè)試：：1． It worried her a bit her hair was turning / 16句式部分 加油！加菜！ have no idea we can do with these waste doctor really doubts is my mother will recover from the serious disease is hoped nature will never be you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow? drove to Zhuhai for the air show last that you had a few days off? came I was wanted at the you know of them will be our new headmaster? teacher didn39。should可省。)他昨天告訴我的消息是真的。)李先生將是我們的新英語(yǔ)老師這個(gè)消息是真的。意義上從句是被修飾名詞的內(nèi)容。that替代先行詞在從句中不僅起連接作用，還充當(dāng)一個(gè)句子成分。在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分。It is a question how he did 。We haven39。連接代詞who, which, what和連接副詞where, when, why, how亦可引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。注：同位語(yǔ)從句偶爾由從屬連詞whether引導(dǎo)。如：They were all very much worried over the fact that you were ，他們都很焦慮。t learn all these English idioms by , that , what , what , that 答案: , whether CABBB 610 ACACD（5）同位語(yǔ)從句1． 定義：用作同位語(yǔ)的從句叫做同位語(yǔ)從句。t know ____________ I had this photo it was that was that it was was why es from either Oxford or can39。s generally considered unwise to give a child he or she ：1． It was true Alice did surprised her , what , that matter much he can39。測(cè)試：：1． It worried her a bit her hair was turning have no idea we can do with these waste / 16句式部分 加油！加菜！ doctor really doubts is my mother will recover from the serious disease is hoped nature will never be you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow? drove to Zhuhai for the air show last that you had a few days off? came I was wanted at the you know of them will be our new headmaster? teacher didn39。should可省。)他昨天告訴我的消息是真的。)李先生將是我們的新英語(yǔ)老師這個(gè)消息是真的。意義上從句是被修飾名詞的內(nèi)容。that替代先行詞在從句中不僅起連接作用，還充當(dāng)一個(gè)句子成分。在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分。It is a question how he did 。We haven39。連接代詞who, which, what和連接副詞where, when, why, how亦可引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。注：同位語(yǔ)從句偶爾由從屬連詞whether引導(dǎo)。如：They were all very much worried over the fact that you were ，他們都很焦慮。（4）同位語(yǔ)從句1． 定義：用作同位語(yǔ)的從句叫做同位語(yǔ)從句。但客觀真理除外。I don’t suppose he cares, does he? 我想他不在意，是嗎？ 6． 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)變化規(guī)律：(1)當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句可根據(jù)需要用任何時(shí)態(tài)。如： I don’t think you are 。5．賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移。用if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句如果會(huì)引起歧義，應(yīng)避免使用if而用wheter。4．連詞whether(?or not)或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句 if和whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句可以互換使用，但whether常和or not連用，if一般不與or not連用。t see all that ，我以前沒看到過。I39。m afraid you don39。如： I am not sure what I ought to 。如： Are you sorry for what you39。You may rely on it that I shall help 。其他一些介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句如果由連詞that引導(dǎo)，則需用it先行一步，作形式賓語(yǔ)。He has made it clear that he will not give / 16句式部分 加油！加菜！他已表明他不會(huì)屈服。解釋：1．如果賓語(yǔ)從句后還有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將賓語(yǔ)從句后置。如：I don’t care(for)who marries 。Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do 。I walked over to where she 。(1)介詞賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句也可用作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。I’ll tell you why I asked you to 。如：Who or what he was, Martin never ？他是干什么的？馬丁根本不知道。I don’t know if you can help 。(2)從屬連詞if/whether。4． We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period.(主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與that從句之間有插入語(yǔ)，that不可省略。3．That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.(that從句位于句首時(shí)，that不可省略。2．I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不能省略。1． Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and連接兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，that賓語(yǔ)從句放在and的后面時(shí)，that不能省略。注： that在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)也并不是任何情況下都可以省略。如：/ 16句式部分 加油！加菜！He told us that he felt 。Whichever of you es in will receive a prize.(whichever=anyone of you