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hat in mice fed the SBM, FSBMHD, or FSBMFDR diet. ? 發(fā)酵產(chǎn)品應(yīng)用效果 ? In experiments 2 and 3, mice were fed isonitrogenic test diets with one of the following four protein sources for 28 d: casein, SBM, FSBMFD, and FSBMFDR. The pentobarbital sleeping time was significantly shorter and the cytochrome P450 content was significantly higher in the mice fed the FSBMFD diet than the respective value in mice fed the other test diets. ? In experiment 4, mice were fed one of eight diets which contained different levels of aglycone obtained by varying the proportion of FSBMFD and FSBMFDR, for 28 d. The cytochrome P450 content in hepatic microsomes increased as the dietary level of isoflavonoid aglycones increased, but there was a saturation phenomenon. ? These results suggest that soy isoflavonoid aglycones are more potent inducers of cytochrome P450 than isoflavonoid glycosides. J Agric Food Chem. 2023 Apr。 nonphytate phosphorus, g/kg) for 4 wk. ? 發(fā)酵產(chǎn)品應(yīng)用效果 ? Body weight gain, the amount of retained phosphorus, and femoral phosphorus content were lower in the control group than in the phosphorussupplied group and the fermented soybean meal group. ? The latter two groups showed similar body weight gain and femoral phosphorus content. On the other hand, phosphorus excretion was markedly more in the phosphorussupplied group than in the other groups. ? As a result, phosphorus retention (percentage of intake) was lower in the phosphorussupplied group than in the fermented soybean meal group. ? In conclusion, fermentation improved phosphorus bioavailability in soybean meal and supplemental inanic phosphorus was not necessary for the fermented soybean mealbased diet, which remarkably reduced phosphorus excretion. Poult Sci. 1998 Apr。 nonphytate phosphorus, g/kg), a control soybean mealbased diet with added inanic phosphorus (total phosphorus, g/kg。77(4):5526 Fermentation of soybean meal with Aspergillus usamii reduces phosphorus excretion in chicks Hirabayashi M, Matsui T, Yano H, Nakajima T ? Fermentation with Aspergillus usamii almost pletely degrades phytate phosphorus in soybean meal. ? Phosphorus excretion was investigated in chicks fed a fermented soybean mealbased diet. ? Thirty chicks were fed one of three experimental diets。發(fā)酵豆粕已成為豆粕開發(fā)生產(chǎn)的熱點。 ? 生物發(fā)酵法處理生豆粕, 相對物理、化學(xué)、作物育種等方法具有成本低、無化學(xué)殘留, 應(yīng)用較安全; 對飼料營養(yǎng)成分的影響較小, 且能使?fàn)I養(yǎng)物質(zhì)更易被動物吸收等優(yōu)點。 1,發(fā)酵豆粕概念 2,豆粕發(fā)酵技術(shù) 3,發(fā)酵豆粕營養(yǎng)價值與應(yīng)用效果 豆粕發(fā)酵與發(fā)酵豆粕 ? 發(fā)酵豆粕指利用有益微生物發(fā)酵低值豆粕,去除多種抗?fàn)I養(yǎng)因子,同時產(chǎn)生微生物蛋白質(zhì),豐富并平衡豆粕中的蛋白質(zhì)營養(yǎng)水平,最終改善豆粕的營養(yǎng)品質(zhì),提高飼料效率。 4)經(jīng)加熱處理破壞了 TI的全脂大豆仍具有較強的抗原活性。 2)兩者作用的持續(xù)時間不同, TI作用時間是持續(xù)性的,而抗原的過敏反應(yīng)是短暫的。已證實,引起斷奶仔豬過敏反應(yīng)的主要抗原是大豆球蛋白和 β-伴大豆球蛋白。大量的研究表明,斷奶仔豬飼糧中的抗原引起腸道的短暫過敏反應(yīng)是斷奶后腹瀉的決定因素。其中大豆球蛋白占 40%, β-伴大豆球蛋白占 30%, α-伴大豆球蛋白占 15%,而 γ-伴大豆球蛋白僅占 3%。脲酶不耐熱。一般說來,脲酶對動物生產(chǎn)性能無影響。胃腸脹氣因子耐高溫,但可溶于水和 80%的酒精。 豆粕非蛋白類抗?fàn)I養(yǎng)因子 ? 胃腸脹氣因子: 豆類種子容易產(chǎn)生腸胃脹氣,這是由于存在棉子糖與水蘇糖的緣故。玉米-豆粕型日糧中的主要抗?fàn)I養(yǎng)因子是非淀粉多糖 . ? 植酸: 植酸是豆類種子的主要含磷化合物,易與人體所需的微量礦質(zhì)元素相結(jié)合生成難溶的復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu),降低人體對礦物質(zhì)的利用,降低小腸對它的吸收與消化,同時植酸也會使一些酶失去活性。 NSP是植物組織中除了淀粉以外所有 CHO的總稱,由纖維素、半纖維素、果膠類物質(zhì)和抗性淀粉四部分組成;前三者由多種單糖和糖醛酸經(jīng)糖苷鍵連接而成,大多數(shù)有分支結(jié)構(gòu),常與蛋白質(zhì)和無機離子等結(jié)合,是植物細胞壁主要成分,一般難以被單胃動物自身分泌的消化酶水解。 Mcallister等發(fā)現(xiàn),口服凝集素產(chǎn)生的副作用可能是由于它與小腸上皮細胞表面的特異受體結(jié)合而干擾其正常的防御系統(tǒng)。 1951年發(fā)現(xiàn),含 %甘露糖和 1%氨基葡萄糖的糖蛋白,分子量 110000,不耐熱,脫脂大豆粕中約含 3%SBA。 ? TI引起胰腺肥大機理 : 胰腺分泌亢進引起胰腺代償性腫大。大豆蛋白本來就缺乏含硫氨基酸,所以就更加劇了飼糧中氨基酸的不平衡,從而阻礙動物生長。 TI對多數(shù)動物均可引起生長抑制胰腺肥大和胰腺增生,甚至產(chǎn)生腺瘤。對熱、酸、堿都比較穩(wěn)定。 ? 鮑曼-伯克抑制劑 (Bowman- irk,BBI): BBI分子量為 8000,由 71個 AA組成,含 7個亞硫鍵。 ? Kunitz (庫尼茲 )抑制因子( KTI): 由 181個 AA組成,含有 2個二硫鍵,對胰蛋白酶有特異性的抑制作用,每克分子 KTI能夠鈍化 1分子的胰蛋白酶。 ? 生物活性物質(zhì) ? 除了豐富的蛋白質(zhì),豆粕中還含有許多能產(chǎn)生生物效應(yīng)的活性物質(zhì),其種類及功能見表