【正文】 inst sb. （ for sth.） 與 … 競賽（競爭） ? eg.⑴ A total of twenty athletes petes in the shot 鉛球比賽。 ? ⑵ In ancient times, people lived on wild fruits and beasts. 在古代，人們靠采摘野果、捕食野獸為生。 ? *表示運輸方式 ? They went there by air/ship/car. ? 他們乘坐飛機 /輪船 /小汽車去的那里。 ? (3)Step by step one goes 。 ? *以連續(xù)的單位、批量或程度計 ? ⑴ The children came in two by 兩個地進來了。 ? *按照（某事物），根據(jù) ? ⑴ By my watch it is two o’兩點鐘。 ? ⑵ The carpet is too short by three 毯短了三英尺。 ? ⑻ You must try to pull yourself together. Your family depend on 來，你的家庭都指著你呢。 ? ⑹ A sip of bandy helped to pull him 他喝一口白蘭地有助于使他蘇醒。 ? ⑷ Passengers stood and stretched as the train pulled into the 起來伸了伸懶腰。 ? ⑵ The team has pulled well ahead of the rest in the championship. 這個車隊在錦標賽中遙遙領(lǐng)先于其他隊。 ? (4)Since his illness , he is very much pulled down.病后他身體遠不如從前了。 ? (2)It’s easier to pull down than build 易。從設(shè)空后的 already 一詞可以明顯看出 Bob離開舞臺是過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，所以此處必須選用不定式的完成式，因而 A項為正確選項。 ? ⑶ He is said to have written a novel about Long 小說。 =The old temple is said to be of great importance. ? ﹡ be said 還可和 to have done連用，表示已發(fā)生的情況 ? eg.⑴ He is said to have failed 又失敗了。 =You are said to know his address. ⑵ It is said that he is the best player in his class.據(jù)說他是班里最好的隊員。 ? ⑵ He is behind others in reading, but a long way ahead in ，但在算術(shù)方面遙遙領(lǐng)先。 ? in 表示比率 ? eg. One in ten said they preferred their old brand of 油。 ? in 表示手段、材料等 ? eg.⑴ The article was written in ink. ? 這篇文章是用鋼筆寫的。 ? ⑸ He left in a hurry. 他匆匆地離開了。 ? ⑶ His career is in ruins. 他已前途盡毀。 ? pieces 成碎片，破碎，落空 ? in ruins 成為廢墟，落空 ? in 表示某人（某事物）的狀態(tài)或狀況，常用 于以下詞組中： ? in order 整齊 in a mess 凌亂 ? in good repair 保養(yǎng)良好 in a hurry 匆忙地 ? in poverty 在貧困中 in poor healthy 健康欠佳 ? in anger（ =angrily ） 憤怒地 ? eg. ? ⑴ I found the glass lying in pieces on the 上。 ? ⑸ We all went , myself included.（ =We all went, including me.）我們都去了，其中包括我。 ? ⑶ Your duties will include putting the children to 。 ? include 用法較廣，它的賓語是所包含的部分內(nèi)容，指整體中的一部分，通常用來附加或補充說明 ? eg. ⑴ The tour includes a visit to the Science Museum. 這次參觀包括去科學(xué)館。 ? 根據(jù)句意這里表示“耗盡 ,用光” ,容易僅根據(jù)句意而誤選 D. ? 但如果用 use up,需要用被動語態(tài) 。 ? give in （ vi.） 投降，屈服，讓步 ? give in to… （ vt.） 向 … 讓步，遷就 ? give up ( sth./ doing sth.) （ vt.＆ vi.） ? 放棄，不再做（某事） ? give off： send out or emit sth. 送出或發(fā)出某物 ? give sth./ sb. away 贈送，有意或無意泄露某事物或出賣某人 ? give out 用完，消耗盡 ? 高考題例 : ? ① Don’t mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may ______ the shocking ending.（ 2022北京高考） ? A. give away B. give out ? C. give up D. give off ? 分析 :give away此處為“泄露 (秘密等 )”,give out/off發(fā)出 ,give up放棄。 ? ⑷ The problem is under discussion. ? 這個問題正在討論中。 ? ⑵ The patrol came under attack from all sides. ? 巡邏隊遭到來自四面八方的攻擊。 ? ⑺ Travel adds to our understanding of the world.旅游增加了我們對世界的了解。 ? ⑸ Your carelessness added to our difficulty. 你的粗心增加了我們的困難。 ? ⑶ I added sugar to tea. 我往茶里加了糖。 ? 答案 : B ? 4. add …to … 在 … 中加上 ? add to… 增加，加強 ? add up