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【正文】 e to cortisol ? Hippocampus helps to turn off the HPA cycle ? Chronic stress may damage cells in the hippocampus ? Hippocampal cell damage can keep the HPA loop going The Biology of Stress Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach, 4th Edition, David H. Barlow Chapter 9: Physical Disorders and Health Psychology Psychological and Social Factors: Their Relation to Stress Physiology ? Primate Research: High and Low Social Status ? High cortisol is associated with low social status ? Low status – Fewer lymphocytes and weak immune system ? High status – Benefit from stability and controllability ? Psychosocial Vulnerabilities Contribute to Physical Illness ? Stress, perceived uncontrollability, low social support, negative affect ? Interpretation of Physiological Response and Situation Seems Critical ? Selfefficacy Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach, 4th Edition, David H. Barlow Chapter 9: Physical Disorders and Health Psychology The Immune System: Overview and Its Functions ? Divisions of the Immune System ? Humoral branch – Blood and other bodily fluids ? Cellular branch – Protects against viral / parasitic infections ? Function of the Immune System ? Identify and eliminate antigens (., foreign materials) Leukocytes are the primary agents Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach, 4th Edition, David H. Barlow Chapter 9: Physical Disorders and Health Psychology Figure An overview of the immune system. Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach, 4th Edition, David H. Barlow Chapter 9: Physical Disorders and Health Psychology ? Leukocytes: Subtypes and Functions ? Macrophages – First line of defense, destroy antigens, signal lymphocytes ? Lymphocytes – B cells (humoral branch ) and T cells (cellular branch) ? B cells produce antibodies, but T cells do not ? Functional role of B cells, T cells, and memory cells ? Stress Dramatically and Quickly Alters Immune Function The Immune System: Overview and Its Functions (cont.) Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach, 4th Edition, David H. Barlow Chapter 9: Physical Disorders and Health Psychology Acquired Immunodeficiency Virus (AIDS) ? Nature of AIDS ? Course from HIV to full blown AIDS is variable ? Median time from infection to AIDS is to 10 years ? Most die within 1 year of diagnosis ? 15% of AIDS patients
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