【正文】
ey are in phonemic contrast. 可以出現(xiàn)在不同語音組合中的同一為止, 產生意義差別。 The different which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the allophones of that phoneme. 音位變體是一個音位在特定的語音環(huán)境力的具體體現(xiàn), 同一音位在不同語音環(huán)境里體現(xiàn)為不同的變體,也就是語音?! hone,phoneme and allophone 語音,音位,音位變體 Phones, which can be simply defined as the speech sounds we use when speaking a language. 語音是語音學研究的單位, 是一個個具體的聲音。 Phonology is interested in the system of sounds of a particular language。 Classification of English speech sounds 英語語音的分類 The basic difference between a vowel and a constant is that in the pronunciation of the former the air that es from the lungs meets with no obstruction of any kind in the throat, the nose, or the mouth, while in that of the latter it is obstructed in one way or another. Classification of English constants 英語輔音分類 此主題相關圖片如下: Classification of English vowels :the position of the tongue in the mouth舌位高低 :the openness of the mouth,口的張開程度 :the shape of the lips園唇與否 :length of the vowels元音的長度 此主題相關圖片如下: Phonology 音系學 Phonology and phonetics 音系學和語音學 Phonetics is of a general nature?! arrow transcription: the transcription with diacritics. 但實際上, 同一語音在不通的語音環(huán)境中的發(fā)音不盡相同, 比如Pit和spit中的/P/音發(fā)音就不一樣?! 卧~補充: 01) velum: The soft palate. 軟腭 02) uvula: A small, conical, fleshy mass of tissue suspended from the center of the soft palate. 小舌,懸雍垂懸垂在軟腭中央的小的圓錐狀肉塊 03) larynx: n. 喉 04) vocal cord: 聲帶 05) membrane: n. A thin, pliable layer of tissue covering surfaces or separating or connecting regions, structures, or organs of an animal or a plant. 膜薄而柔軟的組織層,覆蓋在表面或分割連接各種區(qū)域、結構或動植物器官 06) the soft palate: 軟腭 07) the hard palate: 硬腭 08) the teeth ridge: 齒齦 09) alveolus: A tooth socket in the jawbone 牙槽顎骨處的牙床 10) the teeth: 牙齒 11) the lips: 上下唇 12) blade of tongue: 舌面 13) back of tongue: 舌根 14) pharyngeal cavity: 咽腔 15) nasal cavity: 鼻腔 16) velar: Articulated with the back of the tongue touching or near the soft palate, as (g) in good and (k) in ,如在 good中的(g)以及在 cup中的(k) 17) the tip of the tongue: 舌尖 18) the upper front teeth: 上齒 19) the roof of the mouth: 上顎 20) the lower lip: 下唇 音標……寬式和嚴式標音法 I