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eminds of it. Those sharks can be seen as symbols of the evil force that obstruct people to achieve the perfect condition. The Marlin—the Symbol of Achievement In contrast to the shark, which stands for a bad part of nature, the giant marlin also has its symbolic meaning in the novel. It bees a symbol of the ideal in life that challenges those who is eager for it. It is precisely through the effort to battle the huge marlin that Santiago proves his heroism and manliness. He finds the marlin worthy of a fight, and so he fights hardly. By realizing the life ideal, he proves himself a worthy fisherman. So a heroic and manly life is not selfsufficiency, it requires constant demonstration of one’s worthiness through noble action and struggle for the ideal in life.4 Hemingway’s Philosophy of Life Reflected by the symbols in The Old Man and the Sea In this novel, Hemingway has used many symbols. All these symbols have very important and special meanings. By understanding them, we can better understand the writer39。關(guān)鍵詞 海明威 象征因素 冰山原理 生存環(huán)境 人生觀 ABSTRACT The Old Man and the Sea, praised by a famous writer as “the most excellent simple article in this generation”, is a masterpiece of the unyielding man—Hemingway. But with regard to the symbolism, it has been talked differently, and was equivocal in the explanation by Hemingway himself. The Protagonist, the living environment, the sea, the Shark, the Marlin are not themselves but have significant symbolical meaning. Here the author will analyze its symbolism thoroughly through some aspects such as the leading character,the living environment and Hemingway’s philosophy of life reflected by the symbols, with a view to help the reader get a better understanding of Ernest Hemingway39。用冰山理論解讀《老人與?!分兄魅斯膭倮? 要被威謙、??思{譽(yù)為“這代人最優(yōu)秀的一個(gè)單篇”的《老人與?!肥怯矟h子海明威的力作,而對(duì)于《老人與?!返南笳髦髁x,評(píng)論界各執(zhí)已見,海明威本人的解釋也模棱兩可。而小說中主人公圣地亞哥和生存環(huán)境、大海、鯊魚、小孩等角色實(shí)際上并非角色本身,表面上簡單的角色及故事情節(jié)有著深刻的象征意義,所以筆者希望從文章的主人公、其生存環(huán)境等各個(gè)方面對(duì)其象征主義進(jìn)行剖析、總結(jié)和歸納《老人與?!返南笳魇址ㄒ约昂C魍娜松^在各象征因素中的體現(xiàn),以期能幫助讀者更好地理解這部作品。s masterpiece.Key Words Hemingway the symbolic factors iceberg theory the living environment philosophy of life目 錄1 引言 .............................................. 62 背景介紹 ........................................... 73 作品的象征意義 ...................................... 7 象征意義的含義 ..............................................7 老人與海中運(yùn)用的主要象征 .....................................94 海明威用象征手法在老人與海中反映出來的哲學(xué)生活 ......10 老人與海中海明威的哲學(xué)生活 ................................. 10 通過象征手法反映海明威對(duì)生活的態(tài)度 ..........................115 結(jié)論 .................................................11致謝辭....................................................參考文獻(xiàn)..................................................附錄CONTENTS1 Introduction .......................................................................................62 Introduction to the Background .......................................................73 The Symbolism in the Works ..........................................