【正文】 stalgic and backward looking version of ‘cultural Englishness’ elaborated in the late nineteenth century and continued into the next” (Kumar 2003: 269). And Jeremy Paxman defines the English as a people “marching backwards into the future.” It ensues from this that the English look for permanence through change and this is perhaps one of the main paradoxes of Englishness: it is both permanent and everchanging, continuous and transient, fixed and flexible. As paradoxical as it may appear, the fact is that traditions look both backwards and forwards. Q. D. Leavis’ assumption that “a live tradition must obviously contain both continuity and innovation” (Leavis 1983:303) has been taken up again more recently by Eric Hobsbawm who refers to traditions that were invented specifically— in fact for political reasons—to fit modern times.And the cross fertilization between historiography, political, social, cultural and literary studies allows for the emergence of a posite image of Englishness as both a reality and an imagined representation. Echoes and correspondences between the different articles show not only that “the art of any country is an exact exponent of its ethical life” (Ruskin 1870: 39) but also that landscape and literature have much to say to each other or politics to music and vice versa. Clearly, Human Geography, Cultural and Literary studies and the new Cultural History have gone interdisciplinary. If geography looks at literature, spatial practices are part of cultural studies. Recently years have brought excellent detailed studies of issues of landscape and Englishness in relation to painting, literature, photography and the country house, which arise a debate on the cultural effects of ruralism, nostalgia, and a concern for heritage. For some these are symptoms of cultural health, denoting a continuing concern for nature, for place, for roots。70,000 in court costs, is emblematic of the failure of Chancery. His harsh characterization of the slow, arcane Chancery law process gave memorable form to preexisting widespread frustration with the system. Besides, in Bleak House, as a panoramic novel, are there amount of description about the countryside, city, the houses and the lives of different classes to show the social presence in Victorian age, which will be the main vehicle in this thesis to explore the construction of Englishness in Bleak House.This thesis mainly researches the Englishness in Victorian age in Bleak House which Dickens revealed intentionally or unintentionally. This thesis tries to delve into the corners of English life in Bleak House, and it proceeds from the assumption that a definition of Englishness is not insular or unitary. The concept of Englishness is not a quantitative one but a relative one, which keeps firmly in the variations in the history. With the industrial revolution, Victorian age sees the development of cities, the innovation in technology and the corresponding changes in life as well as the powerful empire—the empire on which the sun never sets. In this period, Englishness is plex and specifically regional. It can be divided into two sides, the “Southern” and “Northern” of Englishness, “with the Southern standing for ‘order and tradition’ and defined as romantic, illogical, muddled, divinely lucky, Anglican, aristocratic, traditional, frivolous, and the Northern projecting a nation which is pragmatic, empirical, calculating, Puritan, bourgeois, enterprising, adventurous, scientific, serious and believes in ‘struggle’ ” (Matless 1998: 17). The two sides seem opposite and contradictory。s Court of Chancery, Jarndyce . Jarndyce, which has farreaching consequences for all involved. This case revolves around a testator who apparently made several wills. The litigation, which already has consumed years and between 163。 particularly as Dickens avoids all the obvious ways of conferring symmetry on the divisions. At the novel39。關(guān)鍵詞：英國性；民族認(rèn)同；山莊；鄉(xiāng)村；倫敦 ContentsI. Introduction ………………………………………………….................................1 An Introduction to Bleak House and the Englishness in Victorian Age…..…...1 The Studies of Englishness heretofore……………………………….……..….….2II. The Country House and Englishness ……………………….….…......................4 Vigorous Perseveration of the English Country House.…………………….. ..5 Englishness and the English Countryside…………………………………………7 Anticipation to the Traditional Countryside………………………………….7 The Tendency of Englishness Loss in Countryside………………………..9III. The Portrait of the City and Englishness ……………………………….........10 The Downfall of the buildings in London………………………..……….…….10 The Urge to Keep the Traditional Englishness in the City……………….……....12V. Conclusion……………………………………………..……..…..........................13References ………………………………………………..……………....................14iiiI. Introduction An Introduction to Bleak House and the Engli