【正文】 The average cable television pany offers its customers 50 channels, but new fiberoptic lines will enable telephone panies to provide 100 to 150 television channels to their customers for the same price as cable panies charge for 50. Assumption: Facts or ideas, not stated in the passage. The assumption must be true if the argument is to be considered valid. The assumption typical directly links the evidence with the conclusion. The best way to tackle it is to negate it.In this case: The channels, if not all, the most of them must be overlapped from both providers.The choice B, only B, confirms the central assumption. So it’s the correct answer.12. The only physical factor preventing a human journey to Mars has been weight. Carrying enough fuel to propel a conventional spacecraft to Mars and back would make even the lightest craft too heavy to be launched from Earth. A device has recently been invented, however, that allows an otherwise conventional spacecraft to refill the craft’s fuel tanks with fuel manufactured from the Martian atmosphere for the return trip. Therefore, it is possible for people to go to Mars in a spacecraft that carries this device and then return. Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends? A. The amount of fuel needed for a spacecraft to return from Mars is the same as the amount of fuel needed to travel from Earth to Mars. B. The fuel manufactured from the Martian atmosphere would not differ in position from the fuel used to travel to Mars. C. The device for manufacturing fuel from the Martian atmosphere would not take up any of the spaceship crew’s living space. D. A conventional spacecraft equipped with the device would not be appreciably more expensive to construct than current spacecraft typically are. E. The device for manufacturing fuel for the return to Earth weighs less than the tanks of fuel that a conventional spacecraft would otherwise need to carry from Earth for the return trip. The correct answer is (E)See: Assumption questionThink: I have to find the conclusion, then the evidence, and from them figure out the central assumption.Do: Conclusion: The “what” of an argument In this case: It is possible for people to go to Mars in a spacecraft that carries this device and then return. Evidence: The “Why” of an argument In this case: E1:The only physical factor preventing a human journey to Mars has been weight. Carrying enough fuel to propel a conventional spacecraft to Mars and back would make even the lightest craft too heavy to be launched from Earth.E2:A device has recently been invented, however, that allows an otherwise conventional spacecraft to refill the craft’s fuel tanks with fuel manufactured from the Martian atmosphere for the return trip Assumption: Facts or ideas, not stated in the passage. The assumption must be true if the argument is to be considered valid. The assumption typical directly links the evidence with the conclusion. The best way to tackle it is to negate it.In this case: The device for manufacturing fuel for the return to Earth weighs less than the tanks of fuel that a conventional spacecraft would otherwise need to carry from Earth for the return trip. If we negate the assumption, the conclusion can’t e to pass.The device for manufacturing fuel for the return to Earth weighs more than the tanks of fuel that a conventional spacecraft would otherwise need to carry from Earth for the return trip, then the conclusion can’t e to pass in new invented device term.13. In 1712 the government of Country Y appointed a censor to prohibit the publication of any book critical of Country Y’s government。與題目的例子相反。C：雖有兩種信息，但兩者是一致的（都是運(yùn)動(dòng)的）。選項(xiàng)中只有A,C,D涉及這樣兩個(gè)信息源。仔細(xì)讀題可知：這種運(yùn)動(dòng)性疾病是由于大腦接受了不同的矛盾的信息。 its laws tend to increase the happiness of its citizens. (b)This is clear from the fact that unless the majority of individuals have a predictable and enduring set of aspirations, it will be impossible for a legislature to craft laws that will augment the satisfaction of the citizenry, To craft laws that will augment the satisfaction of the citizenry (b)224。B. out of scopeC. Correct Answer. 正符合我們的 Assumption.D. Weaken the conclusion because that pollution problems increase during the early stages of a country’s industrial development (early stages == begin the process of industrialization) E. 時(shí)間不一致，（一般現(xiàn)在式與begin to diminish in the next few years.） 比較對(duì)象不對(duì)。沒(méi)有這個(gè)必要條件，結(jié)論是不可能成立的（非B 非A)A. 高額的罰款并不是country X抯 problem will diminish. 的必要條件。Hidden Assumption: The industrial development in Country X will increase in the next years so that its economic output will be more than $5,000, it passes over the early stage of industrial development and has adequate resources to tackle leaching problems. 題目問(wèn)Assumption, 即必要條件。E. 答案。但與Accountant 的觀點(diǎn)并沒(méi)有直接的聯(lián)系?！。o(wú)關(guān)）D. 公司最貴的招牌菜并沒(méi)有給公司帶來(lái)銷售的增加。不降反增的公司與下降的公司是兩個(gè)不同的集合，描述對(duì)象不正確。A. Reason to explain why the sale of each sample restaurant decreased last year. （無(wú)關(guān)）B. 總公司前年的下降不能否定去年的下降，也不能支持。 a trend toward fewer sales (conclusion) 1， 不同的取樣，Sales Manager depends on the total number of meals sold in the pany in the last year, while Accountant depends on each of 2yearhistory restaurant；2， 論據(jù)與結(jié)論之間沒(méi)有必然的聯(lián)系，卻被當(dāng)成充分條件。 consumers desire our mealsAccountant: the number of meals sold by every restaurants operating these two years actually decreased last year from the year before （事實(shí)）224。遇到這種題，只要列出公式即可解決。個(gè)體收入（利潤(rùn)，成本等）x 數(shù)量=總數(shù)A：個(gè)體收入減少，總收入上升，必然是數(shù)量增加。A：無(wú)關(guān) red squirrelB：如果rodents是owls的主要食物，那末毒死rodents將更嚴(yán)重的減少owls的數(shù)量。 other magazines rely on circulation for their revenue. D. Because of the recession, people in Country A have cut back on magazine subscriptions and are reading borrowed magazines. E. More of the new general interest magazines that were launched this year in Country A have survived than survive