復(fù)旦大學(xué)上海醫(yī)學(xué)院腫瘤學(xué)系-文庫吧資料
2024-07-31 19:39本頁面
【正文】 present time. The scale which also can be divided into three sections, namely: mild pain (including the number equal to or below 3), moderate pain (46), and severe pain (710). ? If the pain intensity can gradually reduced through treatment, and can be controlled in 3 or below 3, that is, the efficacy is significant, and pain control is reasonable. Flowsheet of the clinical assessment of pain ? Believe the patient’s plaint of pain. ? Take a careful history of the pain plaint to place it temporally in the patient’s cancer history. ? Assess the characteristics of each pain, including its site, its pattern of referral, and its aggravating and relieving factors. ? Clarify the temporal aspects of pain: acute, subacute, chronic, episodic, intermittent, breakthrough, or incident. ? Evaluate the response to previous and current analgesic therapies. ? Evaluate the psychological state of the patient. ? Ask if the patient has a past history of alcohol or drug dependence. ? Perform a careful medical and neurologic examination. ? Design the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to suit the individual. ? Reassess the patient’s response to pain therapy. ? Discuss advance directives with the patient and family. ? 0 to 10 scale for pain intensity is very useful. Threestep analgesic ladder treatment ? Why should we use this guideline? ? Threestep analgesic ladder regimen of the WHO is a widely accepted pharmacological therapy for cancer pain around the world. As long as we follow the basic principle, most of the pain will be controlled effectively. ? And what elite is in it?...... ? Mild pain: nonopioid analgesics (nonsteroidal, antiinflammatory drugs NSAIDs) 177。 ? ⑨ impact the activities of patient’s daily life, sleep, mood and other affects。 ? ⑦ pain characteristics (continuous, incidental)。 ? ⑤ cognitive function。 ? ③ alcohol and drug addiction 。s chief plaint should be believed. Impact of pain ? The interaction of pain with concurrent symptoms such as anorexia, nausea, constipation, delirium, dyspnea, depression, anxiety and insomnia, and so o
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