復旦大學上海醫(yī)學院腫瘤學系-wenkub.com
2025-07-15 19:39 本頁面
【正文】 the methods which can be suitable for patient, and let he/she feels fortable, it is just socalled good pain management. 復旦大學上海醫(yī)學院腫瘤學系 Remended Readings: WHO threestep analgesic ladder。 adjuvant drug。 adjuvant drugs Basic principles ? ① Administration according to the ladder: from weak to strong, step by step. ? ② Regular administration: titration. ? ③ Oral medication: no injury. ? ④ Personalized Medicine: unique. ? ⑤ Pay attention to specific details: details and side effects. Common analgesic drugs weak: codenie, tramadol Narcotic analgesics short halflife: morphine, pethidine, hydrocodone strong long halflife: methadone, levorphanol Nonnarcotic analgesics: NSAIDs, antidepressants, antispam, antiepileptic, steroids, benzodiazepine, psychotropic, bisphoshonates, anticonvulsants, phenothiazine, local analgesics. Mode of administration ? Oral ? Rectal ? Transdermal ? Mucosal ? Injection ? Perineural ? Patient selfcontrol Route of administration ? “ Adult cancer pain” of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) is a good tool details the procedure. ? Escalate (titrate), ongoing, rotate. Side effects of narcotic analgesics and treatment ? Side effects is normal. ? Pretreatment and hydration. ? Lower dose for an dysfuction. Caution:sedation, confusion and delirium, nausea and vomiting, constipation, pruritus, retention, and respiratory depression are the most side effects encountered in the clinical use of opioids. When evaluating for opiodsrelated side effects, clinician should distinguish whether the side effects are due to the opioids, other drugs, or the disease progression. Tolerance and dependency issues of narcotic analgesics ? We should understand t
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