【正文】 to simply follow the trains of his thought wherever they may lead him, describing ?not the essence, but the passage‘ of himself. ? Of Marriage and Single Life ? Fortune ? He that hath wife and children hath given hostages to fortune, for they are impediments to great enterprises, either of virtue or mischief. Certainly the best works, and of greatest merit for the public, have proceeded from the unmarried or childless men, which both in affection and means have married and endowed the public. Yet it were great reason that those that have children should have greatest care of future times, unto which they know they must transmit their dearest pledges. ? ? He that hath wife and children hath given hostages to fortune。 and for the most part it makes a dissolute youth, and an age a little out of countenance ? Young men are fitter to invent than to judge, fitter for execution than for counsel, fitter for new projects than for settled business Information of Bacon ? Bacon had a wonderful start. His father was a high official serving Queen Elizabeth, and his mother was a woman of keen intelligence. But Francis was bored with his tutors and appalled by the scholastic disputation that passed for science. He dropped out of Cambridge at 15, and his father got him an appointment to serve the ambassador to France. These youthful privileges were stripped away in 1579 when his father died, leaving him precious little. He returned to school with renewed purpose, being a barrister, a Member of Parliament, and a law professor in the next seven years. But he was satisfied neither with his honors nor his ine ? 主要作品： ? 《 New Sitte Liens Island》 《 New Tool》《 Academic Progress》 《 Informal essay》 ? 《新西特蘭提斯島》《新工具》《學術的進展》《隨筆》 ? Bacon39。 and that of decent and gracious motion, more than that of favor ? There is no man that imparteth his joys to his friends, but that he joyeth the more。 Second, fearless。因為英語一方面不難使用，一方面又在不小心或過分小心的使用者面前布滿了陷阱 ? Virtue is like a rich stone, best plain set ? Reading maketh a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man. ? Natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study。 * 語言之有魅力，風格之值得研究，主要是因為后面有一個大的精神世界：但這兩者又必須藝術地融合在一起，因此語言表達力同思想洞察力又是互相促進的。 ? 在上世紀五六十年代，他與 許國璋 、 吳景榮 曾被譽為新中國的“三大英語權(quán)威”。五十年代起以雙向翻譯從事文化交流和文學研究，把中國戲劇文學名著 《 雷雨 》 等作品譯成英文，把英詩多種移譯為中文，主張以詩譯詩，存原詩風貌；研究英國文學的中英文論著，以文藝復興時期和現(xiàn)代詩歌兩個領域為主。 當然，他最廣為流傳的篇作是翻譯培根隨筆集其中的 《 論學習 》 等，該譯作的語言精煉優(yōu)美傳神，被廣大讀者視為是最權(quán)威的版本。在西南聯(lián)大寫的兩首詩被聞一多先生選入他的 《 現(xiàn)代詩鈔 》 。他的不少著述是講詩的：《 英國詩史 》 、 《 英國浪漫主義詩歌史 》 、 《 蘇格蘭詩選 》 、 《 英詩的境界 》 、《 英國詩選 》 、 《 英國詩文選譯集 》 、 《 讀穆旦的詩 》 ， 《 英國文學名篇選注 》等。著有 《 英國十七世紀劇作家韋勃斯特的文學聲譽 》 （英文）、 《 英國文學論文集 》 ， 《 英語文體學論文集 》 和 《 風格和風格的背后 》 等，譯有 〔 英 〕《 彭斯詩選 》 ，中譯英 《 雷雨 》 （曹禺著），《 中外文學之間 》 ， 《 論契合比較文學研究集 》 ， 《 照瀾集 》 。 1949年回國后，歷任北京外國語學院教授、英語系主任、副院長。 1929年至 1934年，在武昌文華中學讀書。 王佐良 王佐良， 1916年 2月 12日生，詩人、翻譯家、教授、英國文學研究專家，浙江上虞人。如智力不集中，可令讀數(shù)學，蓋演題需全神貫注，稍有分散即須重演；如不能辯異，可令讀經(jīng)院哲學，蓋是輩皆吹毛求疵之人；如不善求同，不善以一物闡證另一物，可令讀律師之案卷。 for they are cymini sectores. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers‘‘ cases. So every defectof the mind may have a special receipt. ? 人之才智但有滯礙，無不可讀適當之書使之順暢，一如身體百病，皆可借相宜之運動除之。 and the like. So if a man‘‘s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics。 gentle walking for the stomach。 ? Nay there is no stand or impendiment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins。 moral grave。 the mathematics subtile。 ? Histories make men wise。 ? doth: do 的第三人稱單數(shù)用法 ? 讀書使人充實，討論使人機智，筆記使人準確。 if he confer little, he had need have a present wit。 ? Reading maketh a full man ； conference a ready man。換言之，有只需讀其部分者，有只須大體涉獵者，少數(shù)則須全讀，讀時須全神貫注，孜孜不倦。 but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books。 others to be read, but not curiously。 ? Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested。 nor to find talk and discourse。 ? Read not to contradict and confute。 for they teach not their own use。讀書費時過多易惰，文采藻飾太盛則矯，全憑條文斷事乃學究故態(tài)。 to use them too much for ornament, is affectation。 王佐良譯 ? For ecpert and execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one。 and for ability, is in the judgement and disposition of business. ? 讀書足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以長才。s influence can also be seen on a variety of religious and spiritual authors, and on groups that have utilized his writings in their own belief systems. Of Studies 這是 Francis Bacon著作的一篇意義深邃的隨筆，讓我們一同賞析！ P126127 ? Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring。 Influence Bacon39。他重視 感覺經(jīng)驗 和 歸納邏輯在認識過程中的作用，開創(chuàng)了以經(jīng)驗為手段、研究感性自然的經(jīng)驗哲學的新時代，對近代科學的建立起了積極的推動作用，對人類哲學史、科學史都做出了重大的歷史貢獻。但受時代的局限，他的世界觀還具有樸素唯物論和形而上學的特點。他繼承和發(fā)展了古代關于物質(zhì)是萬物本源的思想，認為世界是由物質(zhì)構(gòu)成的，物質(zhì)具有運動的特性，運動是物質(zhì)的屬性。他主張 打破“偶像” ，鏟除各種偏見和幻想，他提出“真理是時間的女兒而不是權(quán)威的女兒”，對經(jīng)院哲學進行了有力的攻擊。 培根認為當時的學術傳統(tǒng)是貧乏的，原因在于學術與經(jīng)驗失去接觸。培根指出，經(jīng)院哲學家就是利用四種假相來抹煞真理，制造謬誤，從而給予了經(jīng)院哲學沉重的打擊。第一種是 “種族的假相” ，這是由于人的天性而引起的認識錯誤；第二種是“ 洞穴的假相” 是個人由于性格、愛好、教育、環(huán)境而產(chǎn)生的認識中片面性的錯誤；第三種是“ 市場的假相 ”，即由于人們交往時語言概念的不確定產(chǎn)生的思維混亂。他還進一步揭露了人類認識產(chǎn)生謬誤的根源，提出了著名的 “四假相說” 。stisiz?m] ，字源為拉丁文 的 Schola與 Scholasticus，又稱稱 士林哲學 ，意指 學院（ Academy）的學問）阻礙了當代科學的發(fā)展。他是資產(chǎn)階級上升時期的代表，主張 發(fā)展生產(chǎn) ，渴望 探索自然 ，要求 發(fā)展科學 。 Thinking ?