【正文】 Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. Apothegms ? A bachelor39。 but in passing it over, he is superior. ? If a man be gracious and courteous to strangers, it shows he is a citizen of the world. Essays ? Truth is a good dog。唯有把美的形貌與美的德行結(jié)合起來，才能讓美放射出真正的光輝。我并不否認有的畫像可以十分美麗，但終究是達不到極致的 就如同名曲的誕生并不是靠模仿、拼湊來完成的一樣。曾經(jīng)有兩位畫家 阿皮雷斯和丟勒天真的認為，可以按照幾何比例，或者通過攝取不同人身上最美的特點，用畫合成一張最完美的人像。最高的美是畫家所無法表現(xiàn)的，不能被直觀的描繪出來。因為造物是吝嗇的，不會把所有的優(yōu)點都集中到一個人身上。 同樣，一個打扮并不華貴卻端莊高雅而有美德的人是令人肅然起敬的。 when you have kindled you may easily preserve it。 and more fit for new projects than for settled business. ? Age appears to be best in four things。 ? It is a miserable state of mind to have few things to desire and many things to fear. Essays ? Anger makes dull men witty, but it keeps them poor. ? A wise man will make more opportunities than he finds. ? Young people are fitter to invent than to judge。 ? There is a difference between happiness and wisdom: he that thinks himself the happiest man is really so。 logic and rhetoric able to contend . 歷史使人明智；詩詞使人靈秀；數(shù)學使人周密；自然哲學使人深刻；倫理使人莊重；邏輯修辭學使人善辨。 natural philosophy deep 。 poems witty。 KNOWLEDGE ? Knowledge is power. 知識就是力量 Meditationes Sacrae ? Natural abilities are like natural plants that need pruning by study. 天生的才干如同天生的植物一樣，需要靠學習來修剪。 毫無疑問，居高位的人們對自我是陌生人 ；并且在事務匆忙之中，他們是沒有時間來照管自己的身體或精神上的健康的。s self. ? 為追逐權力而舍棄自由，雖權傾一時卻迷失了自己，這種欲望是何等的奇怪？ 爬升到高位，要經(jīng)過很艱難的過程，但是人們總是樂此不疲，以吃許多苦來換取更大的痛苦；爬升到高位，其經(jīng)過有時是卑污的；然而人們卻借著卑污的手段達到尊嚴的地位。 ? Riches are a good handmaid, but the worst mistress. De Augmentis Scientiarum 富裕是個好助手，但卻是最糟的主婦 ? It is a strange desire, to seek power, and to lose liberty。 Money is like muck , not good except it be spread . 金錢好比糞肥，只有撒到在大地才是有用之物。 Thinking About MONEYamp。POWER About STUDYamp。 ? 他的其它作品還有 《 論古人的智慧 》 ， 《 亨利七世本紀 》 。作為一名學識淵博且通曉人情世故的哲學家和思想家，培根對他談及的問題均有發(fā)人深省的獨到之見。 ? the New Atlantis 《 新大西島 》 ， published in latin in 1924 這是培根最后一部著作，是一部為完成的烏托邦式的作品，作者在書中描繪了自己追求和向往的理想社會藍圖。） ? In 1576 Bacon began reading law at Gray’s Inn. Yet only a year later he interrupted his studies in order to take a position as an assistant to the ambassador. ? In 1579, while he was still in France, his father died， leaving him (as the second son of a second marriage and the youngest of six heirs繼承人 ) virtually without support, position, land, ine. ? Bacon pleted his law degree in 1582, and in 1588 he was named lecturer in legal studies at Gray’s Inn； （英國）四大律師學院之一指英國 14世紀時在倫敦組成的四大法律學院：內(nèi)殿律師學院、中殿律師學院、林肯律師學院和格雷律師學院） ? He was elected to Parliament in 1584 as a member for Melbe in Dorsetshire. He would remain in Parliament as a representative for various constituencies for the next 36 years. ? In 1593 his blunt criticism of a new tax levy by the Queen resulted in an unfortunate setback to his career expectations. ? In 1603, James I succeeded Elizabeth. After being knighted by the king被國王封爵 , he swiftly ascended the ladder of state and from 16041618 filled a succession of highprofile advisory positions 1604 – Appointed King’s Counsel. 法律顧問 1607 – Named Solicitor General. 副檢察長 1608 – Appointed Clerk of the Star Chamber. 1613 – Appointed Attorney General. 檢察長 1616 – Made a member of the Privy 1617 – Appointed Lord Keeper of the Royal Seal (his father’s former office). 掌璽大臣 1618 – Made Lord Chancellor. 英國大法官 ? In 1621 he was arrested and charged with bribery. Although the fine was later waived 取消 and Bacon spent only four days in the Tower, he was never allowed to sit in Parliament or hold political office again. ? Bacon spent his remaining years working with renewed determination on his lifelong project: the reform of learning and the establishment of an intellectual munity dedicated to the discovery of scientific knowledge for the “use and benefit of men.” ? He was died on 9 April, 1626, supposedly of a cold or pneumonia contracted. 肺炎 ? Bacon’s maybe divided into three classes， the philosophical， the literary， and the professional works. ? The best known of the philosophical works are: ? the advancement of learning《 學術之進步 》 , published in 1605.書中抨擊了中世紀的經(jīng)院哲學，論證了知識的巨大作用，揭示了人類知識不如人意的現(xiàn)狀以及補救的方法 . ? the Novum Organum《 新工具 》 , published in latin in 1620。三一學院是由英國國王亨利八世于 1546年所建，其前身是 1324年建立的邁克爾學院以及 1317年建立的國王學堂。 but he also published texts in which he speculated on possible conceptions of society, and he pondered questions of ethics (Essays) even in his works on natural philosophy (The Advancement of Learning). Francis Bacon ? Sir Francis Bacon was an English lawyer, statesman, essayist(散文家 ), historian, intellectual reformer, philosopher, and champion of modern science. Early in his career he claimed ―all knowledge as his province‖（以知識為其領域） and afterwards dedicated himself to a wholesale revaluation and restructuring of traditional learning. ? He was to take the place of the established tradition (a miscellany of Scholasticism古代的繁瑣哲學 , humanism, and natural magic), he proposed an entirely new system based on empiricalamp。Francis Bacon (15611626) Brief Introduction ? Francis Bacon (1561–1626) was one of the leading figures in natural philosophy and in the field of scientific methodology in the period of transition from the Renaissance to the early modern era. As a lawyer, member of Parliament, and Queen39。s Counsel, Bacon wrote on questions of law, state and religion, as well