【正文】 as on contemporary politics。 inductive principles以科學實驗為依據和歸納的原則 and the active development of new arts and inventions, a system whose ultimate goal would be the production of practical knowledge for ―the use and benefit of men‖ and the relief of the human condition. Life and Political Career ? Francis Bacon was born in London in 1561， and he was educated at home when he was a child. ? In 1573, at the age of just twelve, he entered Trinity College, Cambridge.（劍橋大學 三一學院：劍橋大學三一學院是劍橋大學中規(guī)模最大、財力最雄厚、名聲最響亮的學院之一。從三一學院畢業(yè)的著名 畢業(yè)生的玉石雕像，包括了牛頓、培根、丁尼生等人。 這是培根最重要的哲學著作，它提出了培根在近代所開創(chuàng)的經驗認識原則和經驗認識方法。 His Works Of Bacon’s literary works: ? The Essay 《 論說隨筆文集 》 or《 隨筆集 》 Ten of these he published in 1597, and then they reissued and extended in 1612 and again in 1625 Many on the problems of statesmanship like that of the True Greatness of Kingdoms and Estates. 《 隨筆集 》 的內容涉及到政治、經濟、宗教、愛情、婚姻、友誼、藝術、教育和倫理等等，幾乎觸及了人類生活的方方面面。 Of his professional works: ? The largest and most important of his works were entitled Maxims of the Law《 法律原理 》 ， and Reading on the Statute of Uses《 法令使用讀書選文 》 。 此外培根在逝世后還留下了許多遺著 ， 后來 ，由許多專家學者先后整理出版 ， 包括 《 論事物的本性 》 、 《 迷宮的線索 》 、 《 各家哲學的批判 》 、 《 自然界的大事 》 、 《 論人類的知識 》 等等 About MONEYamp。 KNOWLEDGE About LIFE About MORALITY Discussion amp。POWER Money is a good servant and a bad master . 金錢是善仆，也是惡主。 ? Prosperity is the blessing of the Old Testament, adversity is the blessing of the New. Essays 繁榮是舊約的恩賜，逆境是新約的恩賜 ? Riches are for spending. Essays 富有是用來花費的。 or to seek power over others, and to lose power over a man39。在高位上立足就更難了，無論是退步還是覆滅，或者至少是聲名受辱， 都是些很可悲的事情。 About STUDYamp。 ? Histories make men wise 。 the mathematics subtle。 moral grave 。 ? Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. ? A prudent question is onehalf of wisdom. ? Studies perfect nature and are perfected still by experience. About LIFE ? Happy are the families where the government of parents is the reign of affection, and obedience of the children the submission to love. 幸福的家庭，父母靠慈愛當家，孩子也是出于對父母的愛而順從大人。 but he that thinks himself the wisest is generally the greatest fool. 幸福和智慧是有區(qū)別的：假如一個人認為他是最幸福的人，那么他就是最幸福的；但是如果一個人認為他自己是最明智的，那么通常他就是最愚蠢的。 fitter for execution than for counsel。 old wood best to burn, old wine to drink, old friends to trust, and old authors to read. ? Good fame is like fire。 but if you extinguish it, you will not easily kindle it again. ? It is natural to die as to be born. ? Silence is the sleep that nourishes wisdom. About MORALITY ? Virtue is like a rich stone, best plain set. Essays ? 德行如同寶石一般，在樸素背景的襯托下更加美麗。美貌的人并不是完人。所以有許多人，他們容顏俊秀卻一無作為，因為過于追求外形美而放棄了內在美。這是一種奇妙的美。但這樣就能描繪出最高的美嗎？其實這樣畫出來的美人，大概只有畫家本人會喜歡。美是沒有固定套路的，創(chuàng)造它的常常是機遇，而不是公式。 ? Judges ought to be more leaned than witty, more reverent than plausible, and more advised than confident. Above all things, integrity is their portion and proper virtue. ? If we do not maintain Justice, Justice will not maintain us. speech in Overbury murder case, Nov. 1615 ? In taking revenge, a man is but even with his enemy。 but always beware of barking too close to the heels of an error, lest you get your brains kicked out. Discussion amp。s life is a fine breakfast, a flat lunch, and a miserable dinner. ? All colours will agree in the dark. Essays ? By indignities men e to dignities ? 培根的哲學思想是與其 社會思想 是密不可分的。他認為是 經院哲學 （ 英文 ： Scholasticism[sk?’l230。因此他極力批判經院哲學和神學權威。他說這是在人心普遍發(fā)生的一種病理狀態(tài)，而非在某情況下產生的迷惑與疑難。第四種是“ 劇場的假相 ”這是指由于盲目迷信權威和傳統(tǒng)而造成的錯誤認識。但是培根的“假相說”滲透了培根哲學的經驗主義傾象，未能對理智的本性與唯心主義的虛妄加以嚴格區(qū)別。他主張 科學理論與科學技術相輔相成 。 培根的 科學方法觀以實驗定性和歸納為主 。培根從唯物論立場出發(fā)，指出科學的任務在于認識自然界及其規(guī)律。 培根是近代哲學史上首先提出 經驗論原則的哲學家。為此，羅素尊稱培根為 給科學研究程序進行邏輯組織化的先驅 。s ideas about the improvement of the human lot were influential in the 1630s and 1650s among a number of parliamentarian scholars. During the Restoration, Bacon was monly invoked as a guiding spirit of the Royal Society founded under Charles II in the nieenth century his emphasis on induction was revived and developed by Willian Whewell, among others. Religious influence Francis Bacon39。 for ornament, is in discourse。其怡情也，最見 (xian,同“現” )于獨處幽居之時；其傅彩也，最見于高談闊論之中；其長才也，最見于處世判事之際。 but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, e best form those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth。 to make judgement wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar. 練達之士雖能分別處理細事或一一判別枝節(jié)，然縱觀統(tǒng)籌，全局策劃， 則舍好學深思者莫屬。 Personal opinion ? Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them。 but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. 有一技之長者鄙讀書，無知者羨讀書，唯明智之士用讀書，然書并不以用處告人，用書之智不在書中，而在書外，全憑觀察得之。 nor to believe and take for granted。 but to weigh and consider. 讀書時不可存心詰難讀者，不可盡信書上所言，亦不可只為尋章摘句，而應推敲細思。 that is, some books are to be read only in parts。 and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others。 else distilled books are, like mon distilled waters, flashy things. ? 書有可淺嘗者，有可吞食者，少數則須咀嚼消化。書亦可請人代讀，取其所作摘要，但只限題材較次或價值不高者，否則書經提煉猶如水經蒸餾，淡而無味。 and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little ， he had need have a great memory。 and if he read little, he