【正文】 。防疫是指預(yù)防和防止牛傳染病的發(fā)生而言。加強(qiáng)飼養(yǎng)管理，改善環(huán)境衛(wèi)生，對(duì)飼養(yǎng)管理人員進(jìn)行普及牛傳染病的預(yù)防知識(shí)的教育，做好檢查檢測(cè)工作，杜絕各種傳染和傳播機(jī)會(huì)。在養(yǎng)牛生產(chǎn)過程中對(duì)牛疾病的預(yù)防要認(rèn)真貫徹“預(yù)防為主，防重于治，防治結(jié)合”的方針。粗飼料以切短、適口為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，通過加工調(diào)制處理，提高對(duì)飲料的利用率。定時(shí)定區(qū)讓牛群活動(dòng)，促進(jìn)新陳代謝，增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)，保證充足的日光照射。保護(hù)圈舍內(nèi)的安靜，盡量謝絕外人參觀，防止公牛驚慌炸群而損傷。保證牛飲用水的供應(yīng)，充足的光照條件，每100千克體重需供水10－12升/日。保證育肥場(chǎng)區(qū)內(nèi)，無(wú)外人進(jìn)入。對(duì)放牧牛群要保證鹽和礦物質(zhì)飼料的供給量和野外飲水需要量。采用磚瓦頂棚。并有利于防火、防糞尿污染、糞場(chǎng)的位置在一切建筑物的下風(fēng)處，與牛舍距離30米以上，以利于衛(wèi)生防疫。育肥基地的建筑布局，按生產(chǎn)區(qū)、辦公生活區(qū)、綠化帶、隔離區(qū)污染道、清潔道牛糞堆放點(diǎn)等進(jìn)行布置，運(yùn)送飼料的車沿道路直接進(jìn)入生產(chǎn)區(qū)，牛舍的下面朝陽(yáng)并避開主風(fēng)方向，保證光照。本項(xiàng)目擬回收架子牛，在圈舍內(nèi)進(jìn)行人工飼養(yǎng)育肥，不會(huì)破壞禁地資源和自然環(huán)境。夏季受太平洋高壓的影響，多東南風(fēng)，溫涼濕潤(rùn)而短暫，℃左右，℃，一月份平均氣溫25℃，無(wú)霜期95116天，年平均降雨量400500mm，集中在六、七、八三個(gè)月份，年主導(dǎo)風(fēng)向西北風(fēng)。52′，平均海拔573米左右。一、地理位置根據(jù)實(shí)地踏察和養(yǎng)殖對(duì)地形地貌、植被的需要，廠址選擇騰克鎮(zhèn)怪勒村以北3公里左右處。第四章　廠址（產(chǎn)品）選擇與基地建設(shè)莫力達(dá)瓦達(dá)斡爾族自治旗騰克鎮(zhèn)怪勒村位于大興安嶺南麓，屬溫帶氣候，全年無(wú)霜期100天，封凍期由每年的十一月開始至次年的四月中旬，全年降水量在470毫米左右，土質(zhì)肥沃，水草豐富，具有較豐富的野生植物藥用資源?？紤]項(xiàng)目地區(qū)目前牛養(yǎng)殖業(yè)還沒形成較大規(guī)模，人們對(duì)養(yǎng)牛事業(yè)還需要進(jìn)一步認(rèn)知并達(dá)成共識(shí)，因此建設(shè)規(guī)模以年育肥1500頭牛為起點(diǎn)。綜合以上因素與分析，本項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)品、產(chǎn)量與價(jià)格可以達(dá)到社會(huì)、生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益目標(biāo)。2005年以來，伴隨人們消費(fèi)水平的提高和保健意識(shí)、追求生命質(zhì)量意識(shí)、崇尚綠色無(wú)污染食品、藥品理念的形成，牛產(chǎn)品的銷售呈逐年上漲趨勢(shì)。畜牧產(chǎn)品加工業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)銷售收入60億元。同時(shí)，牛的其它制品也正得到越來越多人們的認(rèn)可。在肉牛養(yǎng)殖比較發(fā)達(dá)的地區(qū)，肉牛屠宰與加工業(yè)也有了相應(yīng)的發(fā)展，肉牛產(chǎn)業(yè)已成為當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。近年來，我國(guó)肉牛業(yè)取得了迅速發(fā)展。牛肉是人類理想的肉食品之一，其營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富，肉質(zhì)鮮美，蛋白質(zhì)含量高，脂肪和膽固醇低，含有多種必需氨基酸、維生素和微量元素等。第三章　市場(chǎng)分析與擬建規(guī)模肉類是居民生活中必不可少的全價(jià)營(yíng)養(yǎng)性動(dòng)物蛋白食品，食肉量的多少，是衡量人們生活水平的重要標(biāo)志。特別是農(nóng)區(qū)大量的秸稈經(jīng)過科學(xué)處理后，粗蛋白質(zhì)提高1～2倍，消化率提高20%，相當(dāng)于中等青干草的質(zhì)量，飼喂肉牛效果良好。每年各類作物秸稈有7億～8億噸，同時(shí)還有 800萬(wàn)噸棉、菜籽餅和4000萬(wàn)噸糧渣等農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品。我國(guó)人多地少，糧食偏緊的狀況將長(zhǎng)期存在，不能和不可能拿出更多的飼料糧用于畜牧業(yè)。如果養(yǎng)牛，每頭每年需80—100千克左右的精料。從畜種結(jié)構(gòu)看，我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)歷來是以耗糧型生豬為主的，從肉類結(jié)構(gòu)看，%，%，而以草食料為主的牛、%，結(jié)構(gòu)極不合理。節(jié)糧型畜牧業(yè)是以優(yōu)化的畜種結(jié)構(gòu)、以先進(jìn)科學(xué)飼養(yǎng)技術(shù)和飼料資源的合理利用為特征的節(jié)糧高效畜牧業(yè)。畜牧業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)指的是畜種、品種、畜群和產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)，任何國(guó)家的畜牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)都應(yīng)與其國(guó)情相適應(yīng)。根據(jù)中央精神，畜牧業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容是要穩(wěn)定發(fā)展生豬和禽蛋的生產(chǎn)，加快發(fā)展牛、羊肉生產(chǎn)，突出奶類和羊毛生產(chǎn)。當(dāng)然，增產(chǎn)是多種因素綜合作用的結(jié)果，但其中土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量提高是個(gè)重要的因素，形成“牛多、肥多、糧多、草（秸稈）多”的良性循環(huán)。河北省無(wú)極縣是牛多肥多，每年施有機(jī)肥29萬(wàn)噸，相當(dāng)于碳銨4350噸、磷肥1921噸、硫酸鉀1370噸，降低了生產(chǎn)成本，糧食平均每公頃產(chǎn)11790千克，同時(shí)土壤有機(jī)肥增加 ，走出了農(nóng)牧結(jié)合良性循環(huán)的路子。所以既有經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，又有生態(tài)效益。養(yǎng)牛可提供畜產(chǎn)品，又可提供糞肥，增加土壤肥力，改變土壤結(jié)構(gòu)，提高土壤蓄水力，促進(jìn)糧、果、菜增產(chǎn)，降低生產(chǎn)成本，增加農(nóng)民收人。肉牛飼養(yǎng)業(yè)的發(fā)展，能夠促進(jìn)與之相配套的輕工業(yè)的發(fā)展。同時(shí)，養(yǎng)牛業(yè)可以帶動(dòng)相關(guān)行業(yè)（如飼料廠、肉食品加工廠、屠宰廠、皮革廠、醫(yī)藥加工廠等）的發(fā)展，為勞動(dòng)力就業(yè)創(chuàng)造了機(jī)會(huì)。飼料主要是秸稈、青草、糟渣和適量精料（玉米、糠麩、餅粕等），來源廣泛，農(nóng)戶飼料成本低。為打破項(xiàng)目實(shí)施地區(qū)的單一的農(nóng)業(yè)種植經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展模式和突破林業(yè)發(fā)展的瓶頸，積極調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)、產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)，培育新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)，合理的利用當(dāng)?shù)刎S富的草原資源、農(nóng)作物的秸稈，特別是大豆的皮、桿，柞樹的葉等資源，發(fā)展養(yǎng)殖業(yè)是各種資源組合和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的需要而選擇的發(fā)展道路。項(xiàng)目本身的技術(shù)實(shí)施難度適中，經(jīng)過一般知識(shí)水平的培訓(xùn)的村民就能夠上崗，同時(shí)對(duì)于養(yǎng)殖是農(nóng)村比較常見的生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)，所以對(duì)于村民的接受程度也是相當(dāng)高的。就大面積的改變這種單一耕作模式來看，一方面，作為村級(jí)單位不具備這樣大規(guī)模的財(cái)力；另一方面，遵循移民安置的穩(wěn)定原則，大面積的調(diào)整種植結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)村民的種植習(xí)慣和現(xiàn)有的經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境都產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。項(xiàng)目組成如下：第二章　項(xiàng)目建設(shè)的背景及投資建設(shè)的必要性莫力達(dá)瓦達(dá)斡爾族自治旗騰克鎮(zhèn)怪勒村，全村為水庫(kù)整體移民村，人口總數(shù)為648人。其內(nèi)容包括：總說明、項(xiàng)目建設(shè)的背景及投資建設(shè)的必要性、市場(chǎng)分析及擬建規(guī)模、廠址（產(chǎn)品）選擇與基地建設(shè)、布置方案與交通運(yùn)輸、生產(chǎn)工藝及種牛品種選擇、公用工程、環(huán)境保護(hù)、勞動(dòng)安全及消防、資源綜合利用與節(jié)能、企業(yè)組織、勞動(dòng)定員及人員培訓(xùn)、建設(shè)工期及實(shí)施進(jìn)度、投資估算與資金籌措、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益分析、結(jié)論與建議。（設(shè)備）規(guī)劃選型、確定經(jīng)營(yíng)指標(biāo)，并遵照國(guó)家和當(dāng)?shù)卣畬?duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)的有關(guān)規(guī)定，綜合評(píng)價(jià)項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施對(duì)環(huán)境的影響，并提出行之有效的環(huán)保和勞動(dòng)安全等保護(hù)措施。《關(guān)于建設(shè)農(nóng)業(yè)強(qiáng)省畜牧大省的決定》《莫旗國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展“十二五”規(guī)劃綱要》。 and high, flat plains in the southeast. In the high plans area is Lake Titicaca, the highest lake in the world, on which boats can travel. Peru has abundant plants from desert grasses to vast areas of jungle.Peru is a country on the Pacific coast of South America. It has three main geographical areas: a narrow coastal belt。We will follow Xie Lei’s progress in later editions of this newspaper but for now, we wish Xie Lei all the best in her new enterprise. She deserves to succeed.Xie Lei’s preparation course is helping her to get used to the academic requirements of a Western university. “I remember the first essay I did for my tutor,” She told me. “I found an article on the Internet that seemed to have exactly the information I needed. So I made a summary of the article, revised my draft and handed the essay in. I thought I would get a really good mark but I got an E. I was numb with shock! So I went to my tutor to ask the reason for his revision. First of all, he told me, I couldn’t write what other people had said without acknowledging them. Besides, as far as he was concerned, what other people thought was not the most important thing. He wanted to know what I thought, which confused me because I thought that the author of the article knew far more than I did. My tutor explained that I should read lots of different texts that contain different opinions and analyze what I read. Then, in my essay, I should give my own opinion and explain it by referring to other authors. Finally he even encouraged me to contradict the authors I’d read! At first I lacked confidence, but now I’m beginning to get the idea and my marks have improved. More importantly, I am now a more autonomous learner.”“It’s not just study that’s difficult. You have to get used to a whole new way of life, which can take up all your concentration in the beginning,” explained Xie Lei, who had lived all her life in the same city in China. She told me that she had had to learn almost everything again. “Sometimes I felt like a child,” she said. “I had to learn how to use the phone, how to pay bus fare, and how to ask a shopkeeper for things I didn’t know the English for. When I got lost and had to ask a passerby for directions, I didn’t always understand. They don’t talk like they do on our listening tapes,” she said, laughing.Six months ago Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and friends in China and boarded a plane for London. It was the first time she had ever left her motherland. “After getting my visa I was very excited because I had dreamed of this day for so long. But I was also very nervous as I didn’t know what to expect,” Xie Lei told me when I saw her waiting in a queue at the student cafeteria between lectures. KEEP IT UP, XIE LEIChoose from this catalogue a really useful gift for some of the world’s poorest and bring hope for a better future to a munity in need.Love,We left the village the next morning after many goodbyes and firm handshakes. My muscles were aching and my knees shaking as we climbed down the mountain towards home. That evening I fell happily into bed. It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe’s family. it smelled delicious. We ate inside the hut sitting round the fire. I loved listening to the family softly tal