【正文】 Peru is a country on the Pacific coast of South America. It has three main geographical areas: a narrow coastal belt。Six months ago Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and friends in China and boarded a plane for London. It was the first time she had ever left her motherland. “After getting my visa I was very excited because I had dreamed of this day for so long. But I was also very nervous as I didn’t know what to expect,” Xie Lei told me when I saw her waiting in a queue at the student cafeteria between lectures. it smelled delicious. We ate inside the hut sitting round the fire. I loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language, even though I could not participate in the conversation. Luckily, Tombe could be our interpreter.直接帶動(dòng)養(yǎng)殖農(nóng)戶37戶，直接提供就業(yè)崗位65個(gè)，對(duì)于移民安置和再就業(yè)起到了積極的促進(jìn)作用。項(xiàng)目建設(shè)階段，項(xiàng)目將成立由上級(jí)主管單位相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人及項(xiàng)目實(shí)施單位負(fù)責(zé)人組成的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)項(xiàng)目各項(xiàng)組織工作，同時(shí)政府扶持資金由扶持部門統(tǒng)一封閉管理，項(xiàng)目領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組與扶持部門分離，保證資金的正確使用和切實(shí)落實(shí)。固定資產(chǎn)折舊（1）建筑工程固定資產(chǎn)原值181萬(wàn)元，殘值按5%計(jì)算，攤銷年限20年，（2）設(shè)備設(shè)備原值59萬(wàn)元，殘值按5%計(jì)算，攤銷年限10年，直接材料 架子?；厥?000元/頭，1500頭架子?；厥招?50萬(wàn)元；根據(jù)飼養(yǎng)需要及生產(chǎn)達(dá)產(chǎn)程度，一頭架子牛育肥120天需經(jīng)費(fèi)720元（每天精、粗飼料、獸藥等經(jīng)費(fèi)6元），1500頭架子牛育肥年需原材料費(fèi)108萬(wàn)元；總計(jì)558萬(wàn)元。因此，本項(xiàng)目實(shí)施后，分兩個(gè)層面對(duì)從業(yè)人員進(jìn)行技術(shù)培訓(xùn)：一是基地員工，二是扶持聯(lián)結(jié)對(duì)象。，飲料場(chǎng)地杜絕使用煙火，在生產(chǎn)輔助區(qū)設(shè)置滅火器材。確定環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)，制定“點(diǎn)”的監(jiān)控標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并由點(diǎn)到面，建立完善的環(huán)境保護(hù)與監(jiān)測(cè)體系。第八章　環(huán)境保護(hù)、勞動(dòng)安全及消防《中華人民共和國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)法》《中華人民共和國(guó)森林法》《中華人民共和國(guó)土地法》《中華人民共和國(guó)消防法》育肥基地?cái)M建在怪勒村以北3公里，遠(yuǎn)離居民區(qū)，該地區(qū)地表水、流經(jīng)河流均未被污染，周圍空氣潔凈，有較大的環(huán)境容量。牛舍建筑時(shí)封閉墻體留有空氣對(duì)流窗口。牛產(chǎn)品外銷運(yùn)輸以公路為主，場(chǎng)內(nèi)飼料及產(chǎn)品運(yùn)輸采用道路運(yùn)輸。，達(dá)到能有最大最多的天然光線和自然通風(fēng)條件。防疫措施，一是通過(guò)消滅老鼠殺蟲來(lái)消滅病原微生物和控制傳染途徑；二是通過(guò)加強(qiáng)飼養(yǎng)管理和預(yù)防接種，提高牛體內(nèi)機(jī)體的免疫力和抗病能力。基地建有加工車間和加工設(shè)備，達(dá)到圈養(yǎng)期間均衡供應(yīng)的目的。保持場(chǎng)內(nèi)植物資源不受任何污染，保證育肥圈內(nèi)衛(wèi)生條件，嚴(yán)格飼料的衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：無(wú)腐、無(wú)臭、無(wú)毒。牛圈舍各棟間應(yīng)有寬敞的走廊，以便對(duì)牛進(jìn)行撥離，飼料庫(kù)、飼料加工間要方便牛的喂養(yǎng)、青草垛、青貯窖在牛舍的上坡或平行的下風(fēng)處，便于取用。二、地形地貌該地區(qū)為低丘陵地帶，北部較高，東南西部較低，縱觀地勢(shì)平坦，平均坡度9176。肉牛屠宰產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格估算產(chǎn)　品　數(shù)量（千克）單價(jià)（元/千克）小計(jì)高檔肉1202460優(yōu)質(zhì)切塊503915一般肉14分割碎肉4皮1（張）300（元/張）300腹內(nèi)脂肪2內(nèi)　臟4頭蹄骨782156合計(jì)表中均指原料產(chǎn)品，屠宰率約60%，%；全部肉的價(jià)值約占肉?？們r(jià)值的90%，可見提高產(chǎn)肉量是極為重要的，%；%，在抓好高檔與優(yōu)質(zhì)牛肉生產(chǎn)的同時(shí)，搞好皮革、內(nèi)臟、骨等深加工，則肉牛生產(chǎn)必然會(huì)創(chuàng)造更高的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。成為僅次于美國(guó)和巴西的第三牛肉生產(chǎn)大國(guó)。牛是反芻家畜，具有特殊的消化功能，能夠充分利用青、粗飼料和農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品。我國(guó)人口眾多、耕地每年減少、糧食生產(chǎn)不足、飼料短缺的基本國(guó)情，決定了發(fā)展畜牧業(yè)必須走節(jié)糧型的道路，在生產(chǎn)上要發(fā)揮牛等草食家畜的優(yōu)越性和生產(chǎn)潛力。安徽省阜陽(yáng)地區(qū)由于大力發(fā)展養(yǎng)牛，大量牛糞還田，近年來(lái)土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)由1%%，（2007年）迅速提高到 600萬(wàn)噸（2009年），3年就增產(chǎn)100萬(wàn)噸，%。，外貿(mào)出口創(chuàng)匯的需要飼養(yǎng)肉牛所生產(chǎn)的肉、皮、毛、骨、內(nèi)臟、血液等副產(chǎn)品，是食品、醫(yī)藥、制革、服裝等輕工業(yè)的重要原料。所以認(rèn)為選擇一個(gè)投資額度適中，對(duì)現(xiàn)有主體的經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)沖擊不大，但又可盡快的增加農(nóng)民收入的項(xiàng)目是比較符合怪勒村的發(fā)展實(shí)際的，經(jīng)過(guò)村黨支部慎重考慮和多方的市場(chǎng)調(diào)查，根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的條件，選定了發(fā)展綠色環(huán)保型肉牛飼養(yǎng)基地項(xiàng)目。，確定生產(chǎn)規(guī)模，并根據(jù)建設(shè)地的資源狀況進(jìn)行建廠條件論證。Xie Lei told me that she feels much more at home in England now, and what had seemed very strange before now appears quite normal. “I’ve just got one more thing to achieve. I have been so occupied with work that I haven’t had time for social activities. I think it’s important to have a balance between study and a social life, so I’m going to join a few clubs. Hopefully I’ll make some new friends.”Unit 5JoTombe’s father, Mukap, led us to his house, a low bamboo but with grass sticking out of the roof this shows it is a man’s house. The huts were round, not rectangular like the school buildings.There were no windows and the doorway was just big enough to get through. The hut was dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust. Fresh grass had been laid on the floor and there was a newly made platform for Jenny and me to sleep on. Usually Kiak would sleep in her own hut, but that night she was going to share the platform with us. Mukap and Tombe were to sleep on small beds in another part of the hut,. There was a fireplace in the centre of the hut near the doorway. The only possessions I could see were one broom, a few tin plates and cups and a couple of jars. KEEP IT UP, XIE LEIWe will follow Xie Lei’s progress in later editions of this newspaper but for now, we wish Xie Lei all the best in her new enterprise. She deserves to succeed.（設(shè)備）規(guī)劃選型、確定經(jīng)營(yíng)指標(biāo)，并遵照國(guó)家和當(dāng)?shù)卣畬?duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)的有關(guān)規(guī)定，綜合評(píng)價(jià)項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施對(duì)環(huán)境的影響，并提出行之有效的環(huán)保和勞動(dòng)安全等保護(hù)措施。項(xiàng)目本身的技術(shù)實(shí)施難度適中，經(jīng)過(guò)一般知識(shí)水平的培訓(xùn)的村民就能夠上崗，同時(shí)對(duì)于養(yǎng)殖是農(nóng)村比較常見的生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)，所以對(duì)于村民的接受程度也是相當(dāng)高的。肉牛飼養(yǎng)業(yè)的發(fā)展，能夠促進(jìn)與之相配套的輕工業(yè)的發(fā)展。當(dāng)然，增產(chǎn)是多種因素綜合作用的結(jié)果，但其中土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量提高是個(gè)重要的因素，形成“牛多、肥多、糧多、草（秸稈）多”的良性循環(huán)。從畜種結(jié)構(gòu)看，我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)歷來(lái)是以耗糧型生豬為主的，從肉類結(jié)構(gòu)看，%，%，而以草食料為主的牛、%，結(jié)構(gòu)極不合理。特別是農(nóng)區(qū)大量的秸稈經(jīng)過(guò)科學(xué)處理后，粗蛋白質(zhì)提高1～2倍，消化率提高20%，相當(dāng)于中等青干草的質(zhì)量，飼喂肉牛效果良好。在肉牛養(yǎng)殖比較發(fā)達(dá)的地區(qū)，肉牛屠宰與加工業(yè)也有了相應(yīng)的發(fā)展，肉牛產(chǎn)業(yè)已成為當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。綜合以上因素與分析，本項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)品、產(chǎn)量與價(jià)格可以達(dá)到社會(huì)、生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益目標(biāo)。52′，平均海拔573米左右。并有利于防火、防糞尿污染、糞場(chǎng)的位置在一切建筑物的下風(fēng)處，與牛舍距離30米以上，以利于衛(wèi)生防疫。保證牛飲用水的供應(yīng)，充足的光照條件，每100千克體重需供水10－12升/日。在養(yǎng)牛生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中對(duì)牛疾病的預(yù)防要認(rèn)真貫徹“預(yù)防為主，防重于治，防治結(jié)合”的方針。育肥基地?cái)M建怪勒村以北3公里處，該地區(qū)地勢(shì)較為平坦寬闊，草地面積大，水草茂盛，北側(cè)有山坡依靠，且多生長(zhǎng)樺、柞樹等野生植物，非常適于牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)，完全可以滿足本項(xiàng)目工程建設(shè)占地面積的需要。，節(jié)約土地并降低養(yǎng)殖成本，做好環(huán)境保護(hù)。第六章　生產(chǎn)工藝及種牛品種選擇本項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)模：引進(jìn)皮埃蒙特種牛凍精3000份，年人工授精繁殖1500頭雜交牛，集中育肥規(guī)模按500頭計(jì)算，年育肥1500頭牛。利用場(chǎng)內(nèi)的深水井與圈舍的給水管道連接，日供水量約4噸左右。本項(xiàng)目對(duì)污水采用污水池進(jìn)行地下處理，對(duì)牛的糞便進(jìn)行發(fā)酵處理，機(jī)器噪音采用防護(hù)處理。，按動(dòng)物養(yǎng)殖業(yè)有關(guān)操作規(guī)程作業(yè)，并加強(qiáng)對(duì)員工的勞動(dòng)安全教育和防火安全教育，建立健全各種規(guī)章制度。，以保證安全生產(chǎn)的需要。在對(duì)扶持聯(lián)結(jié)對(duì)象培訓(xùn)后，組建咨詢服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，在運(yùn)營(yíng)過(guò)程中進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)技術(shù)指導(dǎo)。 直接人工根據(jù)生產(chǎn)規(guī)模及實(shí)際需要人員72人。二、層層責(zé)任落實(shí)保證項(xiàng)目的有序運(yùn)行。第十四章　結(jié)論與建議莫旗騰克鎮(zhèn)怪勒村肥牛育肥基地項(xiàng)目充分體現(xiàn)了利用林牧區(qū)草場(chǎng)資源及動(dòng)物資源的優(yōu)勢(shì)，符合“以資源為基礎(chǔ)，以科技為先導(dǎo)，以市場(chǎng)為導(dǎo)向，以效益為中心”的原則，對(duì)改善項(xiàng)目地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)，加快以農(nóng)促牧，以牧創(chuàng)收的步伐，起到十分重要的作用，該項(xiàng)目結(jié)合項(xiàng)目地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)綜合立體開發(fā)的生產(chǎn)實(shí)際，充分利用土地資源和水草資源優(yōu)勢(shì)，變資源優(yōu)勢(shì)為經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢(shì)，且投資回收期短，既有經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，又有社會(huì)效益，該項(xiàng)目無(wú)論從經(jīng)濟(jì)、技術(shù)方面，還是從社會(huì)效益與生態(tài)效益來(lái)看，都是可行的，建議上級(jí)主管部門盡快予以批復(fù)實(shí)施。Later, I noticed a tin can standing upside down on the grill over the fire. After a short time Tombe threw it out of the doorway. I was puzzled. Tombe told me that the can was heated to dry out the leftover food. They believe that any leftovers attract evil spirits in the night, so the food is dried up in the can and the can is then thrown out of the hut. Otherwise they don’t waste anything.Would you like to donate an unusual gift? Then this is the catalogue for you. The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.Xie Lei, who is 21 years old, has e to our university to study for a business qualification. She is halfway through the preparation year, which most foreign students plete before applying for a degree course. Xie Lei highly re