【正文】 n the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nation39。8226。8226。8226。8226。8226。8226。8226。8226。8226。8226。 分句1. characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth，Donald Barthelme，and Thomas Pynchon, 分句2. Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly oldfashioned in her insistence OD the essentially mimetic quality of her fiction． 分句1 做時間狀語“In a period”的后置定語，補充修飾period，相當于省略了 “which was”的定語從句 分句2 是主句 20．If it were not for this faculty，they would devour all the food available in short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence． (虛擬語氣) 如果不是具有這種能力，它們就會在短時間內吞掉所有能得到的食物，而且很可能會因餓死而滅絕?？_爾巴思、唐納德 分句1. Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, 分句2. but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house. 1和2是并列分句 （轉折關系） variation between the hemispheres corresponds to which side of the body is used to perform specific activities． (從句which side…is used…作corresponds to的賓語 兩個半球之間的不同與身體的哪一部分用于進行特定的活動是對應的。 目的狀語：To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in the sea, 主句： it helps to think small．（這里的it是形式主語，沒有實際意義） 1 is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks，but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house． (特殊結構not any more than像…一樣不…) 科學建立在事實上，就像房子用磚砌成一樣。 分句1：The fact does not seem surprising 分句2：that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world39。 分句1：Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity 分句2：the number of species in a particular ecosystem 分句3：to the health of the Earth and human wellbeing 分句1內部構成倒裝，正常語序應該是concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been coincident with a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity to the health of the Earth and human wellbeing 所以真正的主句經過精簡之后是concerns has been coincident with a growing appreciation 分句2是一個插入語，用來解釋說明分句1結尾的biological diversity fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world39。 14 a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra，and very often the principal qualification far holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces． (特殊結構not…SO much as…——與其說…不如說…) 在好些年內，為各部影片選擇配樂的權力完全掌握在樂隊指揮或隊長手中，而通常擔任這種職位的資格與其說是技巧或鑒賞品位，不如說是個人擁有音樂作品的豐富收藏。 12．Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”，the film has never been，in the full sense of the word, silent． (倒裝accustomed though we are…=though we are accustomed…) 雖然我們習慣于將1927年以前的電影叫做“無聲電影”，但是就“無聲’’這個詞的完整意義上說，電影從未真正的無聲過。 分句1：A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century 分句2：including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it 分句3：the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality 分句4：finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects 分句5：from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound， 分句6：from a liquid，singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance 本句的真正的主句結構其實是由分句1和分句4構成，即A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects，分句2和分句3并列修飾說明分句1中的A series of mechanical improvements，而分句5和分句6并列，修飾說明了分句4中的an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects 11．The largest later named Pueblo Bonito(Pretty Town)by the Spanish, rose in five terraced stories，contained more than 800 rooms，and could have housed a population of 1，000 or more． 最大的一座后來被西班牙人稱為Pueblo Bonito(美麗的城鎮(zhèn))，是一個五層梯式樓，有800多間房子，能夠容納1 000人以上。 9. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord，and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group，a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century． (同位語a supremacy) 17世紀時風琴、敲弦琴和撥弦琴成為鍵盤樂器類的主要成員，這種至高無上的地位一直由它們保持，直到18世紀末被鋼琴所取代。分句1嵌套分句2和分句3，分句2和分句3是修飾分句1的rumors的同位語從句，用來說明謠言的具體內容。就在這些傳言中，兩位上尉出發(fā)了。 分句1：But these factors do not account for the interesting question 分句2：of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth 。 本句的理解困難還來自于抽象詞fuel，它作為名詞的含義廣為人知，是能源、燃料，作為動詞的時候的意思就可以引申為促使、造成。The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every