【正文】 are actually subject to the vast differences between English and Chinese, which often produce barriers for intercultural munication. At times people from different cultures approach the same thing from different perspectives, so it is necessary to explore the translation technique of conversion by focusing on different perspectives in English and Chinese.I. Conversion of English Impersonal SubjectsIt is asserted that “formal written English language often goes with an impersonal style, ., one in which the speaker does not refer directly to himself or his reader, but avoids the pronouns I, you, we” (Leech and Svartvik 25). This phenomenon is also vividly described by some scholars as “the writer and the readers are out of the picture, hiding them behind the impersonal language” (Lian 76). While Chinese are actually going with the personal style, it is necessary in the EC translation to convert the English impersonal style into the Chinese personal one.i. Converting Impersonal Subjects into Personal or Other Subjects There are more impersonal subjects in English than in Chinese. Although English sentences with impersonal subjects sound objective and fair, they are often rhetorically flavored with personification or euphemism。V. Conversion into Chinese ComplementsIt is known that, in English, adverbials most monly take the form of adverbs, adverb phrases or prepositional phrases to modify verbs. However, Chinese sentences are typically concerned with the result and direction of a verb, which is sometimes referred to by Western texts as double verbs. The active verb of a sentence is followed by a second verb which indicates either the result of the first action, or the direction in which it takes the subject. A plement of result usually indicates either an absolute oute or a possible oute. To illustrate, in the expression 聽(tīng)得懂 (“to be able to understand something you hear”), the verb聽(tīng) (“to listen”) will serve as the active verb, and 懂 (“to understand”) will serve as the plement of result. Another illustrative example is as follows.Example 25:The attractive force between the molecules is negligibly small.分子間的吸引力小得可以忽略不計(jì)。IV. Conversion into Chinese Attributesi. English Subject Converted into Chinese Attribute Since there may be close relationship between subject and object, or the object itself is part of the subject, the subject in the source language is occasionally converted into an attribute for the sake of naturalness of Chinese. Therefore, it can be coherent in meaning as well as in logic despite the change in the word order. Here is an example to illustrate this point.Example 23:Various substances differ widely in their magnetic characteristics.各種材料的磁特性有很大不同。iii. English Subject Converted into Chinese PredicateSome nouns, which serve functionally as the subjects of the sentence in the original English text but retain some properties of verbs, are often converted into Chinese predicate. Here is an example to illustrate this point.Example 21:A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial.從他的辦公室窗口可以一眼看到華盛頓紀(jì)念碑和林肯紀(jì)念碑的全景。 accordingly, in some circumstances, the core word in the adjective phrase is turned into subject in Chinese so that the translation is smooth and idiomatic. Here is an example to illustrate this point.Example 20:We look forward to an everincreasing volume of business with your factory.我方盼望與貴方工廠的交易額日益提高。II. Conversion into Chinese Predicatesi. English Attribute Converted into Chinese PredicateIn English, adjectives themselves can not serve as predicates。ii. English Prepositional Object Converted into Chinese SubjectThis is actually a branch of general objects which are converted into Chinese subjects. To plete the phrase, the preposition usually teams up with a noun, pronoun, or gerund, which is called the object of the preposition and they are often converted into Chinese subjects. Here is an illustrative example.Example 18:With the introduction of the new method, the products decreased in cost.引進(jìn)了新方法，產(chǎn)品的成本降低了。Example 16:He dialed the wrong number.他撥錯(cuò)了電話號(hào)碼。ii. Converting English Adjective into Chinese Adverb Since the English nouns may have been converted into Chinese verbs, English adjectives which modify the nouns are accordingly converted into Chinese adverbs to modify the verbs in the translated version. Here is an example.Example 14:We place the highest value on our friendly relations with developing countries.我們高度地珍視同發(fā)展中國(guó)家的友好關(guān)系。ii. Converting English Adverb into Chinese Adjective As a result of the conversion from some English verbs into Chinese nouns, the adverbs which modify the English verbs are naturally converted into Chinese adjectives to modify the Chinese nouns. Here is an example to illustrate this point.Example 12:His speech impressed the audience deeply.他的演講給聽(tīng)眾留下了很深的印象。Here, “the false” and “the truth” referring to abstract concepts are converted into Chinese nouns.III. Conversion into Chinese Adjectivesi. Converting English Noun into Chinese Adjective English nouns are much more frequently used and contain a more extended meaning than Chinese nouns, and some abstract nouns are very closely related to their corresponding adjectives in meaning. Therefore, it is necessary to convert such kind of nouns into Chinese adjectives. The following is an example.Example 10:We found difficulty in solving this plicated problem.我們感到，解決這個(gè)復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題很困難。Generally speaking, a “definite article (the) + adjective” construction indicates people of some kind or abstract concepts, so such adjectives are often converted into Chinese nouns.Example 8:He is always dreaming of living a life as the rich.他總是夢(mèng)想過(guò)富人一樣的生活。 they are usually converted into nouns.i. Converting English Verb into Chinese NounBecause some English verbs describing the characteristics or properties of the subject are difficult to express