【正文】 r: TrueDifficulty: Moderate34. Longterm contracts for both warehousing and transportation requirements will be more effective if the demand and price of warehousing do not change in the future or if the price of warehousing goes up.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy35. Longterm contracts for both warehousing and transportation requirements will be more effective if either demand or the price of warehousing drops in the future.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate36. The present value of future cash flows is found by using a discount factor.Answer: True Difficulty: Moderate37. The rate of return k is also referred to as the present value of capital.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy38. A negative NPV for an option indicates that the option will lose money for the supply chain.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate39. The decision with the lowest NPV will provide a supply chain with the highest financial return.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate40. In reality, demand and prices are highly uncertain and are likely to fluctuate during the life of any supply chain decision.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate41. The goal of aggregate planning is to satisfy demand in a way that minimizes profit.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy42. Aggregate planning is a process by which a pany determines levels of capacity, production, subcontracting, inventory, stockouts, and even pricing over a specified time horizon.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate43. Aggregate planning solves problems involving aggregate decisions rather than stock keeping unit (SKU) level decisions.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy44. Forecasting errors are dealt with in aggregate plans using either safety backlog or safety capacity.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate45. Safety inventory is defined as inventory held to satisfy demand that is higher than forecasted.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy46. Safety capacity is defined as capacity used to satisfy demand that is lower than forecasted.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy47. Companies should work with downstream partners to produce forecasts and with upstream partners to determine constraints when doing aggregate planning.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy48. The aggregate plan should be viewed primarily as an inhouse tool that does not need to be municated to supply chain partners.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy49. Given that forecasts are always wrong to some degree, the aggregate plan needs to have some flexibility built into it if it is to be useful.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate50. With supply and demand management decisions being made independently, it is easier to coordinate the supply chain, thereby increasing profit.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate51. A firm can vary supply of product by controlling production capacity and inventory.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy52. A firm that uses flexible work hours from the workforce to manage capacity to better meet demand is using a seasonal workforce.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate53. Offering a promotion during a peak period that has significant forward buying creates even more variable demand than before the promotion.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy54. Average inventory decreases if a promotion is run during the peak period and increases if the promotion is run during the offpeak period.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy55. Promoting during a peak demand month may decrease overall profitability if a significant fraction of the demand increase results from a forward buy.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Hard56. As forward buying bees a smaller fraction of the demand increase from a promotion, it is less profitable to promote during the peak period.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard57. As the product margin declines, promoting during the peak demand period bees less profitable.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy58. Cycle inventory exists because producing or purchasing in large lots allows a stage of the supply chain to exploit economies of scale and increase cost.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate59. A lot or batch size is the quantity that a stage of the supply chain either produces or purchases at a given time.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate60. Cycle inventory is the physical inventory in the supply chain due to either production or purchases demanded by the customer.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate61. The inventory profile is a plot depicting the level of inventory over time.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy62. A discount is volumebased if the pricing schedule offers discounts based on the quantity ordered in a single lot.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard63. A discount is volumebased if the discount is based on the total quantity purchased over a given period, regardless of the number of lots purchased over that period.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy64. Pricing schedules with all unit quantity discounts encourage retailers to increase the size of their lots, which reduces the average inventory and flow time in a supply chain.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate65. Safety inventory is inventory carried for the purpose of satisfying demand that exceeds the amount forecasted for a given period.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate66. Safety inventory is carried because demand forecasts are accurate and a product shortage may result if the forecast demand exceeds the actual demand.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate67. Raising the level of safety inventory increases product availability and thus the margin captured from customer purchases.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate68. Raising the level of safety inventory increases inventory holding costs.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy69. Carrying excessive inventory can help counter demand volatility when new products e on the market.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate70. The appropriate level of safety inv