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s of its development. He is most practical and exact, always religious and at the same time mindful of his own profit. 魯濱遜是歐洲文學(xué)史上第一個資產(chǎn)階級的正面形象,具有很高的勞動熱情,是早期殖民者的象征。作家以自由、平等、天賦、人權(quán)等理性原則全面批判封建統(tǒng)治 .(struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism) Purpose: to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical amp。Lycidas 利西達斯 Comus酒神之假面舞會 Principal pamphlets: Areopagitica 論出版自由 : attacks the censorship of the press and appeals for the freedom of the press Eikonoklastes 偶像破壞者 : justifies the execution of Charles I Defense for the English People 為英國人民聲辯 : a defense of the Commonwealth and Revolution Son: On His Deceased Wife(唯一的愛情詩 ) On His Blindness ③ John Bunyan(16281688)班揚 :The Pilgrim’ s Progress 天路歷程 ④ John Dryden(16311700):critic、 poet、 playwright 六、 The Age of Enlightenment (18 世紀(jì) ) 啟蒙運動 時 間 :發(fā)源于意大利,鼎盛于 18C 法國。 ② John Milton(16081674)約翰 .彌爾頓(氣勢磅礴) The indomitable Puritan sprit finds its noblest expression in him. 詩歌: Paradise Lost 失樂園 (反抗上帝、對自由的渴望 )Paradise Regained復(fù)樂園 戲?。?Samson Agonistes 力士參孫 Shorter poems: L‘ Allegro 快樂頌 。 文學(xué)特點: English literature of this revolution and restoration period was very much concerned with the tremendous social upheavals of the time. 代表人物: ① John Donne(1572?1631)約翰 .多恩 “ metaphysical” poets 玄學(xué)派詩人的代表人物 A. Metaphysical poetry is characterized by: philosophical poems, plex rhythms and strange images or “ conceits 奇喻 ” . energetic, rough, or uneven movement, unlike the studied elegance, sweetness, and smoothness of 16th century verse elaborate, strained, or farfetched “ conceits 奇喻 ” dazzling displays of wit a tendency toward logical argumentation or the structure of an argument in a poem an interest in philosophical questions and speculation B. A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning別離辭 :莫傷悲(愛情精 神與肉體的統(tǒng)一) 所涉及的有玄學(xué)派特色的意象 :passes、 golden beaten(金箔 ) 圓規(guī)的意象是玄學(xué)派詩人最著名的比喻,多恩把夫妻雙方的作圓規(guī)的兩腳。以克倫威爾 Oliver Cromwell為代表的資產(chǎn)階級極權(quán)統(tǒng)治未能平息統(tǒng)治階層內(nèi)部及統(tǒng)治階級與勞動人民之間的矛盾。 The question is to live or not to live. Is it nobler to suffer the outrageous misfortunes or to oppose those misfortunes and end my life? I wish very much to die and no longer suffer the heartaches and natural shocks that exist. When we are dead it is possible that we can no longer dream, but when we sleep we can dream. There is no reason to suffer through life for so long. Who would want to suffer all the things that are bad in life, and there is so much。 譯文:生存或毀滅 , 這是個必答之問題 :是否應(yīng)默默的忍受坎苛命運之無情打擊 ,還是應(yīng)與深如大海之無涯苦難奮然為敵 ,并將其克服。s course./But your beauty will never fade/or lose its inherent loveliness,/even Death will not be able to claim you,/when in my eternal poetry you will grow./As long as there are people who see and breathe,/this will live and give you life. Son 29: 當(dāng)我受盡命運和人們的白眼 /暗暗地哀悼自己的身世飄零 /徒用呼吁去干擾聾瞆的昊天 /顧盼著身影,詛咒自己的生辰 /愿我和另