【正文】 cks of the approaching storm,” “black rain and fire and hail”意指同樣的內(nèi)容 , 即秋風(fēng)帶來的 天上的烏云和閃電。 首先 , 秋風(fēng)帶來了雨使和雷神 (Angels of rain and lightning), 比喻秋風(fēng)帶來了革命的風(fēng)暴。 因?yàn)槲黠L(fēng)一面催枯拉朽 , 一面又把種子散播開來 , 所以 , 它既是破壞者又是保護(hù)者 , 喻指革命的力量摧毀舊事物 , 同時(shí)又孕育扶持新事物。 “Thine azure sister of the Spring” refers to the west wind that will blow in the spring (意大利全年多刮西風(fēng) , 秋季刮強(qiáng)勁的西風(fēng) , 到初春時(shí) , 又刮和暢的西風(fēng) , 即秋季西風(fēng)的 “春天的姐妹 .”)。 你讓種子長(zhǎng)翅騰空 , 然后落在冰冷的土里深埋 …… 直到那青色的春風(fēng)姐妹的到來。 在詩歌第一部分一開始 , 詩人 點(diǎn)出秋風(fēng)是秋天的生命 (breath of Autumn?s being), 不露臉就能將秋葉一掃而空 , 像法師趕走群魔一樣。詩歌最后一節(jié)諷刺了斗爭(zhēng)中半途而廢的工人們，警告他們投降就是給自己開挖墳?zāi)?( “England be your Sepulchre”) 。 “Adonais” is an elegy for John Keats whose early death from tuberculosis Shelley believed had been hastened by hostile reviews. 4. Selected readings (1) A Song: Men of England(致英國(guó)人民 ) 這首詩作于１８１９年皮特盧大屠殺時(shí)期。s response to nature however is here transformed through the power of art and imagination into a longing to be united with a force at once physical and prophetic. 3. Artistic features (1)Shelley is one of the leading Romantic poets, an intense and original lyrical poet in the English language. Like Blake, he has a reputation as a difficult poet: erudite(博學(xué)的 ), imagistically plex, full of classical and mythological allusions. (2)His style abounds in personification and metaphor and other figures of speech which describe vividly what we see and feel, or express what passionately moves us. (3)Shelley expressed his love for freedom and his hatred toward tyranny in several of his lyrics. (4)In “The Cloud,” Shelley created a Platonic symbol of the spirit of man, a force of beauty and regeneration。 Asia, his bride and the help from Demogon（魔神） and Hercules( 大力士 ), Zeus is driven from the throne, Prometheus is unbound. The play is an exultant work in praise of humankind?s potential, and Shelley himself recognized it as “the most perfect of my products.” (2) Ode to the West Wind（西風(fēng)頌） It is best of all the wellknown lyric pieces by Shelley. Here Shelley39。 Juan is tossed into the sea and finally cast on the seashore of a Greek island. He is saved by Haidee, the pure and beautiful daughter of a pirate. They fall in love, but soon Haidee?s father returns and forcefully separates them. Haidee dies of a broken heart, while Juan is sold as a slave to Constantinople( 今土耳其的君士坦丁堡 ) where a Sultana takes fancy to him. Juan managed to escape and joined the Russian Army which is besieging the town Ismail. After the victory, he sent news to St. Petersburg and is favored by Empress Catherine who sent him back to England on a political mission. The last part satirizes the political and social conditions of England. The Isles of Greece is sung by a Greek singer at the wedding of Don Juan and Haidee. In the early 19th century, Greece was under the rule of Turk. By contrasting the freedom of ancient Greece and the present enslavement, the poet appealed to people to struggle for liberty. It is written in iambic tetrameter( 四音步抑揚(yáng)格 ), the rhyme scheme for each stanza is ababcc. 歷年考題出現(xiàn)在第一首詩的注解 (1)和第二首詩的第 1, 5 和 16 節(jié)中 。全詩以 “不自由 , 毋寧死 ( A land of slaves shall ne?er be mine/Dash down yon cup of Samian wine!)”的英雄氣概而結(jié)束。在接下來的 4 個(gè)詩節(jié)里 , 詩人回到現(xiàn)在 , 給我們描述了一個(gè)遭 受侵略卻又懦弱無能的當(dāng)代希臘 , 與過去的輝煌形成強(qiáng)烈的對(duì)照。 This is one of the two poems written by Byron to show his support of the Luddites, who destroyed the machines in their protest against unemployment. The poet?s great sympathy for the workers in their struggle against the capitalists is clearly shown. It is written in anapest(抑抑揚(yáng)格 ), the rhyme scheme for each stanza is abaab. (2) The Isles of Greece( from Don Juan, III, 《希臘島》第三詩章 ) 全詩共 16 個(gè)詩節(jié) , 可分為三層意思。拜倫在詩中號(hào)召英國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)工人以美國(guó)革命為榜樣 , 在路德的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下 , 拿起武器奮起反抗統(tǒng)治者的剝削與壓迫。十九世紀(jì)初期的英國(guó) , 階級(jí)矛盾十分尖銳 , 工人階級(jí) (首先是紡織工人 )憤于資本家的殘酷剝削 , 起而搗毀機(jī)器。 1 IV. Gee G. Byron (拜倫 1788~1824 ) 1. Points of view (1) Byron has a strong passion for liberty and an intense hatred for all tyrants. He shows his sympathy for the oppressed Portuguese under French occupation, he gives his strong support to the Spanish people fighting for their national independence. He laments over the fallen Greece, expressing his ardent wish that the suppressed Greek people should win their freedom. He glorifies the French Revolution and condemns the despotic Napoleon period. At the news of the Greek revolt against the Turks, Byron not only gave the insurgent Greeks financial help but also plunged himself into the struggle for the national independence of that country. (2) Byron continued in the tradition of classicism that had been advocated by the writers of the Enlightenment in the 18th century. He eulogized the 18thcentury Enlighteners and attacked the conservative schools of contemporary poetry, showing his contempt for what he considered the monplace and vulgarity of the Lake Poets . 2. Major works (1) Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage( 《恰爾德 ?哈羅德 游記》 ) Byron?s heroes are more or less surrogates of himself. Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage is such an example. The poem is about a gloomy, passionate young wanderer who escaped from the society he disliked and traveled around the continent, questing for freedom. It teems with all kinds of recognizable features of Romantic poetry—the medieval, the outcast figure, love of nature, hatred of tyranny, preoccupation with the remote and savage. It also contains many vivid and exotic descriptive passages on mountains, rivers and seas. (2) Don Juan( 《唐 ?璜》 ) Don Juan is Byron?s masterpiece, a great ic epic of the early 19th century. It is a poem based on a traditional Spanish legend of a great lover and seducer of women. In the conventional sense, Juan is immoral, yet Byron takes this poem as the most moral. And Byron invests in Juan the moral positives like courage, generosity and frankness, which, according to Byron, are virtues neglected by the modern society. The unifying principle in Don Juan is the basic ironic theme of appearance and reality, . what th