【正文】 ciety,” where people could live together happily, freely and peacefully. 2. Major works (1) Prometheus Unbound(《解放的普羅米修斯》 ) It is a fouract poetic drama, Shelley?s greatest achievement. According to the Greek mythology, Prometheus, the champion of humanity, who has stolen the fire from Heaven, is punished by Zeus to be chained on Mount Caucasus(高加索山 ) and suffers the vulture?s feeding on his liver. Shelley based his drama on Prometheus Bound by Aeschylus(埃斯庫羅斯 ), in which Prometheus reconciles with the tyrant Zeus. He gave a totally different interpretation, transforming the promise into a liberation. With the strong support of Earth, his mother。 It is unquestionably one of Shelley?s greatest political lyrics. It is not only a war cry calling upon all working people of England to rise up against their political oppressors, but also an address to point out to them the intolerable injustice of economic exploitation. The metaphor( “Bees of England”) is used in the poem. The rhyme scheme for each stanza is aabb. And the last two stanzas of the poem are ironically addressed to those workers who submit passively to capitalist exploitation. They serve as a warning to the working people, that if the latter should give up their struggle 4 they would be digging graves for themselves with their own hands. (2) Ode to the West Wind The poem is written in terza rima form Shelley derived from his reading of Dante( 意大利詩人但丁 ), with each part consisting of four stanzas of terza rima and one couplet lines, rhymed aba bcb cdc ded ee. Shelley eulogized the powerful west wind and expressed his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. He gathered in this poem a wealth of symbolism and figures of speech, employed a structural art and his powers of metrical orchestration at their mightiest(編成管弦樂的最強有力的韻律 , 指發(fā)揮到了極致 ) 。 第二部分說明秋風(fēng)對天空產(chǎn)生的威力和影響。 最后三行 “I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!/A heavy weight of hours has chained and bowed/One too like thee: tameless, and swift, and proud.”表達了詩人自己在生活的斗爭中飽受了心靈的創(chuàng)傷 , 所以希望像在西風(fēng)下翻滾的 浪潮 , 飛揚的枯葉 , 疾馳的流云一樣 , 能在革命風(fēng)暴中重新起來進行戰(zhàn)斗。 “will take from both a deep, autumnal tone”中的 “both”指 lyre(或詩人自己 )和 the , 詩人喊出了自己的心聲 : 請把我枯死的思想向世界吹落 , 讓它像枯葉一樣促成新的生命 !…… 讓預(yù)言的喇叭通過我的嘴唇 , 把昏睡的大地喚醒吧 ! 冬天來了 , 春天還會遠嗎 ? 歷年考題出現(xiàn)在 Prometheus Unbound 的大意 , 選讀第一篇的第三節(jié) 。最后一節(jié)是整首詩的總結(jié)部分 , 表達了詩人對藝術(shù)的看法 : “美即是真 , 真即是美 在這世界上這就是你們所知和需知的一切 ( “ ?Beauty is truth, truth beauty,?—that is all/Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know.”) 。 but fortunately this enlightens him about the young lady?s heart and encourages him to go to Longbourn and makes a second proposal, which is finally accepted by Elizabeth. Besides the main story of this happy pair, also told are the minor ones about the union between the rich bachelor Bingley and the beautiful, mild Jane。 歷年考題常出現(xiàn)在選讀的介紹部分和選文的前面幾段中 。s derision of Darcy39。 and her works show clearly her firm belief in the predominance of reason over passion, the sense of responsibility, good manners and clearsighted judgment over the Romantic tendencies of emotion and individuality. As a realistic writer, she considers it her duty to express in her works a discriminated and serious criticism of life, and to expose the follies and illusions of mankind. She shows contemptuous feelings towards snobbery, stupidity, worldliness and vulgarity through subtle satire and irony. 2. Artistic features (1)Austen?s main literary concern is about human beings in their personal relationships. Because of this, her novels have a universal significance. So she points out: “If one wants to know about a man?s talents, one should see him at work, but if one wants to know about his nature and temper, one should see him at home.” (2)As for her interest in the study of human beings in their relationships with other people in daily life, Jane Austen is particularly preoccupied with the relationship between men and women in love. Stories of love and marriage provide the major themes in all her novels, in which female characters are always playing an active part. In their pursuit of marriage, they are usually categorized into three types according to their different attitudes: Those who would marry for material wealth and social position, those who would marry just for beauty and passion, and those who would marry for true love with a consideration of the partner?s personal merit as well as his economical and social status. (3)As a novelist Austen writes within a very narrow sphere. The subjects matter, the character range, the social setting, and plots are all restricted to the provincial life of the late 18thcentury England, concerning three or four landed gentry families with their daily routine life. (4)In her lifelong career, Jane Austen wrote altogether six plete novels. 3. Selected reading An Excerpt from Chapter I of Pride and Prejudice(《傲慢與偏見》第一章 ) (1)Main idea Pride and Prejudice mainly tells of the love story between a rich, proud young man Darcy and the beautiful and intelligent Elizabeth Ben. Mr. Ben, a clergyman who has married young and rashly, is skeptical of 7 conventional marriage and. has no good words for his beautiful daughters except Elizabeth. Mrs. Ben is a beautiful but emptyheaded, snobbish, and vulgar woman whose only goal in life is to marry her five daughters to rich, handsome young men . Darcy es to the neighborhood with his friend Bingley who is an immediate success in local society and falls in love Jane, the most beautiful and goodnatured eldest daughter of the Bons. At a party, Darcy, with his proud and seemingly cold disposition, makes a had impression on the local people. He slights Elizabeth and hurts her dignity by refusing to dance with her. In their later meetings, however, Darcy begins to admire the girl in spite of himself, but Elizabeth, on account of her prejudice against him, tries to bring down his