【正文】 st on the seashore of a Greek island. He is saved by Haidee, the pure and beautiful daughter of a pirate. They fall in love, but soon Haidee?s father returns and forcefully separates them. Haidee dies of a broken heart, while Juan is sold as a slave to Constantinople( 今土耳其的君士坦丁堡 ) where a Sultana takes fancy to him. Juan managed to escape and joined the Russian Army which is besieging the town Ismail. After the victory, he sent news to St. Petersburg and is favored by Empress Catherine who sent him back to England on a political mission. The last part satirizes the political and social conditions of England. The Isles of Greece is sung by a Greek singer at the wedding of Don Juan and Haidee. In the early 19th century, Greece was under the rule of Turk. By contrasting the freedom of ancient Greece and the present enslavement, the poet appealed to people to struggle for liberty. It is written in iambic tetrameter( 四音步抑揚(yáng)格 ), the rhyme scheme for each stanza is ababcc. 歷年考題出現(xiàn)在第一首詩(shī)的注解 (1)和第二首詩(shī)的第 1, 5 和 16 節(jié)中 。在接下來(lái)的 4 個(gè)詩(shī)節(jié)里 , 詩(shī)人回到現(xiàn)在 , 給我們描述了一個(gè)遭 受侵略卻又懦弱無(wú)能的當(dāng)代希臘 , 與過(guò)去的輝煌形成強(qiáng)烈的對(duì)照。拜倫在詩(shī)中號(hào)召英國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)工人以美國(guó)革命為榜樣 , 在路德的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下 , 拿起武器奮起反抗統(tǒng)治者的剝削與壓迫。 1 IV. Gee G. Byron (拜倫 1788~1824 ) 1. Points of view (1) Byron has a strong passion for liberty and an intense hatred for all tyrants. He shows his sympathy for the oppressed Portuguese under French occupation, he gives his strong support to the Spanish people fighting for their national independence. He laments over the fallen Greece, expressing his ardent wish that the suppressed Greek people should win their freedom. He glorifies the French Revolution and condemns the despotic Napoleon period. At the news of the Greek revolt against the Turks, Byron not only gave the insurgent Greeks financial help but also plunged himself into the struggle for the national independence of that country. (2) Byron continued in the tradition of classicism that had been advocated by the writers of the Enlightenment in the 18th century. He eulogized the 18thcentury Enlighteners and attacked the conservative schools of contemporary poetry, showing his contempt for what he considered the monplace and vulgarity of the Lake Poets . 2. Major works (1) Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage( 《恰爾德 ?哈羅德 游記》 ) Byron?s heroes are more or less surrogates of himself. Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage is such an example. The poem is about a gloomy, passionate young wanderer who escaped from the society he disliked and traveled around the continent, questing for freedom. It teems with all kinds of recognizable features of Romantic poetry—the medieval, the outcast figure, love of nature, hatred of tyranny, preoccupation with the remote and savage. It also contains many vivid and exotic descriptive passages on mountains, rivers and seas. (2) Don Juan( 《唐 ?璜》 ) Don Juan is Byron?s masterpiece, a great ic epic of the early 19th century. It is a poem based on a traditional Spanish legend of a great lover and seducer of women. In the conventional sense, Juan is immoral, yet Byron takes this poem as the most moral. And Byron invests in Juan the moral positives like courage, generosity and frankness, which, according to Byron, are virtues neglected by the modern society. The unifying principle in Don Juan is the basic ironic theme of appearance and reality, . what things seem to be and what they actually are. Byron?s satire on the English society in the later part of the poem can be pared with Pope?s。當(dāng)時(shí) , 路德是這個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)的領(lǐng)袖 , 因而稱(chēng)為路德運(yùn)動(dòng)。 在前 4 個(gè)詩(shī)節(jié)中詩(shī)人列舉了古希臘燦爛文明與反抗侵略的英勇史實(shí)來(lái)說(shuō)明希臘光輝燦爛的過(guò)去。 Don Juan is a long satirical poem. Its hero Juan is an aristocratic libertine, amiable and charming to ladies. He first falls in love with a married woman Julia. The affair is soon discovered and Juan is sent abroad. There happens a shipwreck。s rhapsodic(狂熱的 ) and declamatory（雄辯的） tendencies find a subject perfectly suited to them. The autumn wind, burying the dead year, preparing for a new spring, bees an image of Shelley himself, as he would want to be, in its freedom, its destructiveconstructive potential, and its universality. The whole poem has a logic of feeling, a not easily analyzable progression that leads to the triumphant, hopeful and convincing conclusion: If Winter es, can Spring be far behind? The nervous thrill of Shelley39。詩(shī)中號(hào)召英國(guó)人民反抗腐朽統(tǒng)治，打破經(jīng)濟(jì)與 政治上的不平等。 “pestilencestricken multitudes” refers to dead leaves。 最后 , 詩(shī)人說(shuō)秋風(fēng)是 “wild spirit” “destroyer and preserver”。 第二節(jié)中的 “there are spread”的主語(yǔ)是第三節(jié)中的 “the locks of the approaching storm” 。 整部分由幾個(gè)虛擬 If 從句和一個(gè) 主句 “I would ne?er have striven…” 組成。 “one” refers to the poet himself。 意指即使我在戰(zhàn)斗中倒下 , 也是死得其所 , 不足為惜。 5 VI. John Keats(濟(jì)慈 1795~1821) 1. Point of view Keats believed the poetry is the most effective means to release misery, a vehicle to reach paradise. By bining a tingling anticipation with a lapsing towards dissolution, Keats manages to keep a precarious balance between mirth and despair, rapture and grief. 2. Major works (1)Ode to a Nightingale(夜鶯頌 ) The poem expresses the contrast between the happy world of natural loveliness and human world of agony. Here the aching ecstasy roused by the bird?s song is felt like a form of spiritual homesickness, a longing to be at one with beauty. The poem first introduces joy and sorrow, song and music, death and rapture which free him into the world of dream. (2)Ode on an Grecian Urn(希臘古甕頌 ) The poet has absorbed himself into the timeless beautiful scenery on the antique Grecian urn: the lovers, musicians and worshippers on the urn exist simultaneously and for ever in their intensity of joy. They are unaffected by time, stilled in expectation. This is at once the glory and the limitation of the world conjured up by an object of art. 3. Artistic features (1)Keats?s poetry is always sensuous, colorful and rich in imagery, which expresses the acuteness of his sense. He has the power of e