【正文】 separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of selfdiscipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party39。 third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to the criterion of a clean and honest administration and rule the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party passes party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party mittee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party mittee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and missions, state ministries and missions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, code and Regulations revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party39。 the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of countylevel leading cadres above. rule is in 1997 Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the prehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition。 the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements。s 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party39。 follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party39。 the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems。 rule around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process。雷電的危害一般分成兩種類型，一是直接破壞作用, 主要表現(xiàn)為雷電的熱效應(yīng)和機(jī)械效應(yīng)；二是間接破壞作用, 主要表現(xiàn)為雷電產(chǎn)生的靜電感應(yīng)和電磁感應(yīng)。 ③ 雷電波侵入。觸電方式:1．單相觸電2．兩相觸電3．跨步電壓觸電雷云對(duì)地放電時(shí)，其破壞作用表現(xiàn)有以下四種基本形式：① 直擊雷。 電傷是指由電流的熱效應(yīng)、化學(xué)效應(yīng)等對(duì)人體造成的傷害。 電擊是指電流通過人體內(nèi)部，造成人體內(nèi)部組織、器官損壞，以致死亡的一種現(xiàn)象。電氣危害有兩個(gè)方面：一方面是對(duì)系統(tǒng)自身的危害，如短路、過電壓、絕緣老化等；另一方面是對(duì)用電設(shè)備、環(huán)境和人員的危害，如觸電事故、電氣火災(zāi)、電壓異常升高造成用電設(shè)備損壞等，其中尤以觸電和電氣火災(zāi)危害最為嚴(yán)重觸電它可直接導(dǎo)致人員傷殘、死亡，或引發(fā)墜落等二次事故致人傷亡。 ② 倒閘操作。 其一是控制作用；其二是保護(hù)作用。7) 應(yīng)能和保護(hù)裝置配合，使保護(hù)裝置在ARD前加速動(dòng)作或ARD后保護(hù)加速動(dòng)作。5）ARD的動(dòng)作時(shí)限應(yīng)大于故障點(diǎn)滅弧并使周圍介質(zhì)恢復(fù)絕緣強(qiáng)度所需時(shí)間和斷路器及操作機(jī)構(gòu)恢復(fù)原狀，準(zhǔn)備好再次動(dòng)作的時(shí)間，～1s。4) ARD的動(dòng)作次數(shù)應(yīng)符合預(yù)先的規(guī)定（如一次重合閘只應(yīng)動(dòng)作一次）。2) 除上述情況外，當(dāng)斷路器因繼電保護(hù)裝置或其他原因跳閘時(shí)，ARD均應(yīng)動(dòng)作。要求：1) 線路正常運(yùn)行時(shí)，自動(dòng)重合閘裝置（ARD）應(yīng)投入，當(dāng)值班人員利用控制開關(guān)或遙控裝置將斷路器斷開時(shí)，ARD不應(yīng)動(dòng)作。76什么是自動(dòng)重合閘裝置？供電系統(tǒng)對(duì)ARD有哪些基本要求？答：在供電系統(tǒng)的架空線路發(fā)生“瞬時(shí)性故障”被繼電保護(hù)迅速斷開后，由于故障的瞬時(shí)性，故障點(diǎn)的絕緣強(qiáng)度會(huì)自動(dòng)恢復(fù)。5）電壓互感器的熔絲熔斷或其刀開關(guān)拉開時(shí)，APD不應(yīng)動(dòng)作。以避免將備用電源合閘到永久性故障上去。2）常用電源因負(fù)荷側(cè)故障被繼電保護(hù)裝置切除或備用電源無(wú)電時(shí)，APD均不應(yīng)動(dòng)作。75什么是備用電源自動(dòng)投入裝置？供電系統(tǒng)對(duì)APD有哪些基本要求？ 答：備用電源自動(dòng)投入裝置：當(dāng)工作電源因故障被斷開后，能自動(dòng)而迅速地將備用電源投入，保證用電負(fù)荷的正常供電的裝置。 71變電所的自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)就是將變電所的二次設(shè)備（包括：繼電保護(hù)裝置、控制裝置、測(cè)量裝置、信號(hào)裝置）通過計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和現(xiàn)代通信技術(shù)綜合集成為一體，實(shí)現(xiàn)變電所運(yùn)行管理自動(dòng)化的系統(tǒng)。 解決措施：合理分配和布局單相用電負(fù)荷；采取補(bǔ)償裝置，補(bǔ)償系統(tǒng)中的不平衡負(fù)荷。 3）整流裝置：產(chǎn)生較大的非特征諧波，進(jìn)一步影響電能質(zhì)量。 危害：1）感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)：降低輸