【正文】
效率。箱體平面的粗加工和半精加工,主要采用刨削和銑削,也可采用車削。至于要求不高的平面,則可將粗精兩次走刀安排在一個(gè)工序內(nèi)完成,以縮短工藝過程,提高工效。 “粗精分開,先粗后精”的原則。但對(duì)于保證箱體部件裝配關(guān)系的螺釘孔、銷孔以及與軸承孔相交的潤滑油孔,則必須在軸孔精加工后鉆鉸。而且,平面加工出來以后,由于切除了毛坯表面的凸凹不平和表面夾砂等缺陷,使平面上的支承孔的加工更方便,鉆孔時(shí)可減少鉆頭的偏斜,擴(kuò)孔和鉸孔時(shí)可防止刀具崩刃。先加工平面,后加工孔,是箱體零件加工的一般規(guī)律。人工時(shí)效處理的工藝規(guī)范為加熱到 530~560℃,保溫 6~8h,冷卻速度≤300℃/h,出爐溫度≤200℃。而粗加工之后,精加工之前應(yīng)有一段存放時(shí)間,以消除加工內(nèi)應(yīng)力。. 工藝過程的擬定(1)箱體的時(shí)效處理 為了消除鑄造內(nèi)應(yīng)力,防止加工后的變形,使加工精度保持長期穩(wěn)定,要進(jìn)行時(shí)效處理。為此,通常選擇主軸孔和與主軸孔相距較遠(yuǎn)的一個(gè)軸孔作為粗基準(zhǔn)。這樣就可避免因基準(zhǔn)轉(zhuǎn)換帶來的誤差,有利于保證箱體類零件各主要表面間的相互位置精度。. 工藝方案制定的基本原則及注意問題. 精基準(zhǔn)的選擇精基準(zhǔn)的選擇對(duì)保證箱體類零件的技術(shù)要求十分重要。只要制定好工藝流程,設(shè)計(jì)采用合理的專用夾具和刀具,就完全可以解決上述問題。3. S195柴油機(jī)箱體加工工藝編制. 概述箱體類工件具有以下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn):一是加工內(nèi)容多,需頻繁更換機(jī)床、刀具;二是加工精度要求高,采用普通機(jī)床加工質(zhì)量難以保證,且由于工藝流程長,周轉(zhuǎn)次數(shù)多,生產(chǎn)效率難以提高;三是形狀復(fù)雜,且大部分為薄壁殼體,工件剛度差,較難裝加。主軸孔的軸心線對(duì)端面的垂直度要求較高,同時(shí)對(duì)氣缸孔軸線的垂直度要求也很高。平面上的孔在柴油機(jī)箱體裝配及現(xiàn)實(shí)工作中具有舉足輕重的作用,它要求有很高的幾何形狀精度和位置精度及較高的表面粗糙度,機(jī)體外部齒輪室有相互嚙合齒輪,對(duì)相鄰孔的孔距尺寸精度和平行度要求較高。主軸承孔采用滑動(dòng)軸承,內(nèi)孔要求較高,不允許有退刀痕跡。機(jī)體上共有主軸承孔、凸輪洲孔、調(diào)速軸孔、啟動(dòng)軸孔、平衡軸孔等。水冷發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的氣缸體和上曲軸箱鑄成一體,合成發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)機(jī)體。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在工作時(shí),機(jī)體零件受到各種力的作用,因此機(jī)體零件的剛度要求要比強(qiáng)度要求高,有了足夠的剛度,才能使其在工作中受力變形小,保持各部件的配合中心不致引起運(yùn)動(dòng)件的磨損、漏氣、漏水、漏油,確保發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)各部分能長期正常工作。為單缸、臥式、四行程、水冷、通用式柴油機(jī),S是雙平衡軸機(jī)構(gòu)的拼音字頭。本產(chǎn)品適用于手扶拖拉機(jī)、小四輪拖拉機(jī)配套,并可用于小型排灌、農(nóng)副業(yè)加工及小型發(fā)電機(jī)、空壓機(jī)、內(nèi)河船舶、運(yùn)輸車輛之動(dòng)力。相信通過這次設(shè)計(jì),使我的知識(shí)積累達(dá)到了一個(gè)新的層面!2. S195柴油機(jī)簡介. 概述S195 柴油機(jī)具有結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、功率足、耗能省,適用性強(qiáng)、可靠性好、經(jīng)久耐用,使用維修簡便,價(jià)格合理等特點(diǎn)。又具有一定的重新調(diào)整能力,以適應(yīng)工件變化的多種要求,因此,設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)濟(jì)合理的機(jī)床對(duì)工件的加工具有重要意義。另一方面,夾具本身的設(shè)計(jì)制造工時(shí),在何種生產(chǎn)條件下使用哪種類型的夾具才是經(jīng)濟(jì)合理的,也就是夾具的經(jīng)濟(jì)性,一直都是夾具結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)展和設(shè)計(jì)的一個(gè)主要問題。目前國內(nèi)外使用的專用夾具是伴隨著大批大量生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展而發(fā)展出現(xiàn)的,特別是和汽車工業(yè)的發(fā)展密切相關(guān)。工藝知識(shí)是制造企業(yè)中重要的知識(shí)資源之一,是使產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)變?yōu)槌善返恼麄€(gè)制造過程中的基礎(chǔ)資源,它對(duì)保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量以及提高企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)效益具有十分重要的作用。這次我畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的課題就是制造業(yè)中的箱體加工工藝及專用組合機(jī)床概念設(shè)計(jì)和專用夾具設(shè)計(jì)。國家實(shí)力的增強(qiáng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮同制造業(yè)所能提供的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的競爭力密切相關(guān)。通過畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì),也能夠培養(yǎng)我們嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真、一絲不茍、實(shí)事求是的工作作風(fēng),樹立正確的生產(chǎn)觀、經(jīng)濟(jì)觀和全局觀,從而進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化了我們向工程技術(shù)人員過渡的進(jìn)程。通過設(shè)計(jì),主要培養(yǎng)我們綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和基本技能去分析和解決專業(yè)范圍內(nèi)的一般工程技術(shù)問題的能力,培養(yǎng)我們建立正確的設(shè)計(jì)思想,掌握工程設(shè)計(jì)的一般程序、規(guī)范和方法,培養(yǎng)我們搜集、查閱、運(yùn)用資料的能力。關(guān)鍵詞: S195 柴油機(jī);加工工藝;夾具;加工中心;概念設(shè)計(jì)AbstractThe 21st century manufacturing industries face the customer demand actuation, cannot forecast, fast is changeable the market petition which and the from around the globe increases unceasingly, moreover petes intensifies unceasingly. The market unceasing change request manufacture system processing product variety can fast transform by satisfies the market demand. In the diesel engine manufacture profession technological transformations, except must choose the product, outside the enhancement independent development ability, but also must act according to the market the change the production line which the establishment and the market demand adapts in the craft formulation, establishes take the aggregate machinetool primarily, by processes the center as auxiliary box body class ponents the and so on the organism, cylinder cover prehensive production line, enables it and seizes the market according to the product change volume production.According to the S195 diesel engine organism special details and the production guiding principle request, this article in detail has designed the S195 diesel engine organism processing craft plan principle of design and the craft route, in the craft plan design research process, has chosen the way which the processing center and the aggregate machinetool unifies, first carries on using the aggregate machinetool goes against, the bottom surface, then carries on the bottom surface, two end surfaces, two sides fine mill. Then carries on the basic hole, the main bearing hole rough machining, half precision work, the precision work using the processing carries on attacks the silk. Through the proof analysis, manifested has chosen the plan design the rationality, the feasibility. Moreover, chooses the reasonable cutting specifications, to enhances product target and so on processing quality, productivity, cost, equipment utilization rate has the vital role. As the manufacture system important constituent jig design and the engine bed design part, the manufacture system set the high request to it. This paper makes technology since raising diesel engine to leave , has elaborated notice a little etc., design stage and the design principle in the design of clamping apparatus and the concept design of machine tool in detail , has devised a set of built up fixture according to machining center in order to satisfy the production requirement of high casing processing precision.In brief, this article is myself through the technological design, and so on a series of processes by oneself experience pletes the equipment shaping, which is a theory union actual article which to the craft trial manufacturing.Keywords: S195 diesel engine Process technology Clamping apparatus Machining center Conceptual design目 錄1. 緒論 1 2. S195柴油機(jī)簡介 3 . 概述 3 . S195柴油機(jī)箱體的作用 3 . S195 柴油機(jī)箱體的技術(shù)分析 4 3. S195柴油機(jī)箱體加工工藝編制 5 . 概述 5 . 工藝方案制定的基本原則及注意問題 5 . 精基準(zhǔn)的選擇 5 . 工藝過程的擬定 5 . 制定工藝方案應(yīng)注意的其他問題 6 . S195柴油機(jī)的加工工藝路線編制 7 . 工藝路線的確定 8 . S195 箱體切削用量、加工余量、工時(shí)等計(jì)算 11 . 銑平面 11 加工中心各工序和時(shí)間定額 13 18 5 組合夾具的設(shè)計(jì) 27 組合夾具及其應(yīng)用特點(diǎn) 27 工件在夾具中的定位 27 定位與基準(zhǔn)的概念 27 定位元件的選用及誤差計(jì)算 28 工件的夾緊 29 結(jié)論 33 致謝 34 參考文獻(xiàn) 35 附錄