【正文】 時(shí)隨著人們生活水平的不斷提高，屠宰場(chǎng)的規(guī)模也在不斷擴(kuò)大，屠宰廢水的排放量越來(lái)越大。以上每一道工序都要排除廢水 [3]，宰前，畜圈每天排出畜糞沖洗水；屠宰車間要排出含血污和畜糞的地面沖洗水；燙毛時(shí)要排出含大量毛屑的高溫廢水；解刨車間排出含腸胃內(nèi)容物的廢水。我國(guó)是一個(gè)人均水資源缺乏的國(guó)家，人均水資源擁有量不到世界平均的 1/4，屠宰廢水處理后達(dá)標(biāo)排放或者回用對(duì)于減輕環(huán)境壓力、緩解我國(guó)水資源危機(jī)具有十分重要的意義。由于采用常規(guī)的廢水處理方法難以凈化或無(wú)法滿足凈化處理的技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)要求，使得這類高濃度有機(jī)廢水或工業(yè)廢水的凈化處理已成為現(xiàn)階段國(guó)內(nèi)外環(huán)境保護(hù)技術(shù)領(lǐng)域亟待解決的一個(gè)難題。根據(jù)國(guó)家環(huán)?？偩謱?duì)我國(guó)水環(huán)境污染現(xiàn)狀統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查表明：我國(guó)的江河、湖泊及近海流域已普遍受到不同程度的污染，總體上呈現(xiàn)加重的趨勢(shì)，造成污染加重的主要因素是工業(yè)廢水和生活污水 的排放 [1]。在科技發(fā)展的今天，隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和人類文明的進(jìn)步，投入大量的人力、物力從事水污染控制是十分重要的。CASS 嘉興學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） 生物與化學(xué)工程學(xué)院 目 錄 摘要 .......................................................................................................................................... I Abstract .................................................................................................................................... II 1 緒論 .....................................................................................................................................1 屠宰廢水的產(chǎn)生及特點(diǎn) ...............................................................................................1 屠宰廢水的危害 ..........................................................................................................2 對(duì)大氣環(huán)境的污染 .............................................................................................2 傳播人畜共患病，直接危害人的健康 .................................................................2 重金屬與礦物元素污染 ......................................................................................2 抗生素和激素污染 .............................................................................................2 微生物污染 .......................................................................................................3 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)、依據(jù)及原則 ...............................................................................................3 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù) ...........................................................................................................3 設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù) ...........................................................................................................3 設(shè)計(jì)原則 ...........................................................................................................3 水質(zhì)特點(diǎn)分析 .............................................................................................................4 國(guó)內(nèi)外屠宰廢水處理概況 ............................................................................................4 常用屠宰廢水處理工藝比較 ........................................................................................5 工藝方案的確定 ..........................................................................................................7 2 工藝流程 ..............................................................................................................................8 UASB 工藝簡(jiǎn)述 ..........................................................................................................8 UASB 的構(gòu)成 ....................................................................................................8 UASB 工作原理 ................................................................................................8 UASB 工藝的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn) ......................................................................................9 CASS 工藝簡(jiǎn)述 ...........................................................................................................9 CASS 工作原理 .................................................................................................9 CASS 工藝的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn) .................................................................................... 11 UASB射流曝氣 CASS 工藝簡(jiǎn)述 ............................................................................... 11 UASB射流曝氣 CASS 處理工藝流程說(shuō)明 ................................................................. 12 嘉興學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） 生物與化學(xué)工程學(xué)院 水質(zhì)水量及處理要求 ................................................................................................. 13 3 粗格柵、集水池及提升泵房的設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................................................... 14 粗格柵的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 .................................................................................................... 14 粗格柵設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明及參數(shù)確定 ............................................................................. 14 柵條間隙個(gè)數(shù) .................................................................................................. 14 柵槽寬度計(jì)算 .................................................................................................. 15 進(jìn)水渠道寬部分的長(zhǎng)度 .................................................................................... 15 柵槽與出水渠道連接處的漸窄部分長(zhǎng)度 ........................................................... 15 柵槽總長(zhǎng)度 ..................................................................................................... 16 通過(guò)格柵的水頭損失 ....................................................................................... 16 每日柵渣量 ..................................................................................................... 17 集水池和提升泵房的設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................................................... 17 設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明 ......................................................................................................... 17 設(shè)計(jì)流量 ......................................................................................................... 18 選泵前總揚(yáng)程估算 ........................................................................................... 18 泵的選擇 ......................................................................................................... 18 附屬設(shè)備選擇 .................................................................................................. 18 4 細(xì)格柵與調(diào)節(jié)沉淀池的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 ......................................................................................... 19 細(xì)格柵的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算 ........................................................................................