【正文】 e effective rejection or counteroffer is only a counteroffer unless the acceptance is received by the offeror before he receives the rejection or counteroffer.拒絕或反要約終止承諾能力的時(shí)間 如果受約人通過(guò)郵件或電報(bào)拒絕要約或提出反要約，則在要約人收到之前，受要約人的承諾能力雖然并不終止，但是有所限制，以便于承諾的郵件或電報(bào)在相反、有效的要約拒絕或反要約發(fā)送之后是唯一的反要約，除非要約人在收到要約拒絕或反要約之前收到此承諾。(2) An offeree39。39. Counteroffers反要約(1) A counteroffer is an offer made by an offeree to his offeror relating to the same matter as the original offer and proposing a substituted bargain differing from that proposed by the original offer.如果受要約人對(duì)與原要約相同事項(xiàng)的實(shí)質(zhì)性?xún)?nèi)容作出了修改，并提出一項(xiàng)新的替代交易回復(fù)給要約人，則該項(xiàng)提議為反要約。167。3849 的規(guī)定，但是選擇權(quán)合同項(xiàng)下的承諾能力并不因受要約人拒絕要約或提出反要約、或要約人撤回要約、或要約人的死亡或喪失行為能力而終止，除非解除合同義務(wù)的條件已經(jīng)成就。3849, the power of acceptance under an option contract is not terminated by rejection or counteroffer, by revocation, or by death or incapacity of the offeror, unless the requirements are met for the discharge of a contractual duty.雖然有167。Notwithstanding 167。167。(2) In addition, an offeree’s power of acceptance is terminated by the non occurrence of any condition of acceptance under the terms of the offer. 除此之外，如果受要約人對(duì)要約條款未作任何承諾，則該受要約人的承諾 能力終止。(c) revocation by the offeror, or要約人撤回要約，或(a) rejection or counteroffer by the offeree, or受要約人拒絕要約或提出反要約，或36. Methods of Termination of the Power of Acceptance承諾權(quán)利終止的方式36如果受要約人的承諾能力依據(jù)167。167。(3) Action in reliance on an agreement may make a contractual remedy appropriate even though uncertainty is not removed.雖然合同的條款并不確定，但是基于對(duì)合同的信賴(lài)而實(shí)施的行為可以獲得適當(dāng)?shù)暮贤葷?jì)。(2) Part performance under an agreement may remove uncertainty and establish that a contract enforceable as a bargain has been formed.部分履行的合同具有確定性，并且表明作為交易的可執(zhí)行合同已經(jīng)成立。(1) The terms of a contract may be reasonably certain even though it empowers one or both parties to make a selection of terms in the course of performance.合同當(dāng)事人在履行義務(wù)過(guò)程中，雖然可以就合同的條款作出選擇，但是合 同的條款應(yīng)是具有相當(dāng)確定性的。34. Certainty and Choice of Terms。167。32. Invitation of Promise or Performance允諾或義務(wù)履行邀請(qǐng)In case of doubt an offer is interpreted as inviting the offeree to accept either by promising to perform what the offer requests or by rendering the performance, as the offeree chooses.在存在懷疑的情況下，要約應(yīng)被解釋為邀請(qǐng)受約人選擇或者通過(guò)允諾履行要約所要求的義務(wù)、或者履行該義務(wù)。31. Offer Proposing a Single Contract or a Number of Contracts提議締結(jié)一個(gè)或幾個(gè)合同的要約An offer may propose the formation of a single contract by a single acceptance or the formation of a number of contracts by successive acceptances from time to time.一個(gè)要約可以通過(guò)一個(gè)承諾締結(jié)一個(gè)合同，或者也可以通過(guò)不時(shí)地、連續(xù)性的承諾締結(jié)幾個(gè)合同。 167。 167。(2) Unless a contrary intention is manifested, bids at an auction embody terms made known by advertisement, posting or other publication of which bidders are or should be aware, as modified by announcement made by the auctioneer when the goods are put up.除非有相反的意思表示，在拍賣(mài)標(biāo)的時(shí)，競(jìng)買(mǎi)人的出價(jià)包含了競(jìng)買(mǎi)人知道或應(yīng)該知道的廣告、海報(bào)或其他出版物所公布的條款，拍賣(mài)人在拍賣(mài)標(biāo)的時(shí)可以 通過(guò)公告的方式對(duì)這些條款加以修改。(c) whether or not the auction is without reserve, a bidder may withdraw his bid until the auctioneer’s announcement of pletion of the sale, but a bidder’s retraction does not revieve any previous bid.不管該拍賣(mài)是否是無(wú)保留低價(jià)之拍賣(mài)，競(jìng)買(mǎi)人可以在拍賣(mài)人宣布成交之前可以撤回競(jìng)價(jià)，但是競(jìng)買(mǎi)人撤回競(jìng)價(jià)的行為不得使先前的出價(jià)生效。(b) when goods are put up without reserve, the auctioneer makes an offer to sell at any price bid by the highest bidder, and after the auctioneer calls for id the goods cannot be withdrawn unless no bid is made within a reasonable time。(a) the auctioneer invites offers from successive bidders which he may accept or reject。167。 but the circumstances may show that the agreements are preliminary negotiations. 雙方當(dāng)事人作出意思表示要采用書(shū)面 方式締結(jié)合同這一事實(shí)，并不影響當(dāng)事人已經(jīng)作出的足以導(dǎo)致合同締結(jié)的意思 表示的執(zhí)行；但是這種情況表明這些合意仍然屬于訂約前之商議。 of Contract Where Memorial is contemplated在意圖制作記錄情況下合同的存在167。25. Option Contracts選擇權(quán)合同An option contract is a promise which meets the requirements for the formation of a contract and limits the promisor’s power to revoke an offer.如果一個(gè)允諾符合了訂立合同的條件，并且限制允諾人撤回要約，則該允諾即構(gòu)成選擇權(quán)合同。167。23. Necessity That Manifestation Have Reference to Each Other作出意思表示應(yīng)相互參考的必要性167。21. INTENTION TO BE LEGALLY BOUND具有法律拘束力的意圖Neither real nor apparent intention that a promise be legally binding is essential to the formation of a contract, but a manifestation of intention that a promise shall not affect legal relations may prevent the formation of a contract.當(dāng)事人有關(guān)允諾具有法律拘束力的意圖無(wú)論是真實(shí)的還是表面的，對(duì)于合同的締結(jié)并不重要，但是如果當(dāng)事人作出允諾并不影響當(dāng)事人法律關(guān)系的意思表示，則當(dāng)事人之間的合同并不成立。(a) that party does not know of any different meaning attached by the other, and the other knows the meaning attached by the first party。(b) each party knows or each party has reason to know the meaning attached by the other.(a) neither party knows or has reason to know the meaning attached by the other。167。在這種情況下所締結(jié)的合同可以基于欺詐、錯(cuò)誤或其他無(wú)效的理由被撤消。167。18. Manifestation of Mutual Assent意思表示一致Manifestation of mutual assent to an exchange requires that each party make a promise or begin or render a performance. 對(duì)一個(gè)交換作出一致的意思表示要求各方當(dāng)事人作出允諾或開(kāi)始或?qū)嵤┮豁?xiàng)義務(wù)履行。167。167。TOPIC 1. IN GENRERAL主題一 一般規(guī)定167。(a) he is unable to understand in a reasonable manner the nature and consequences of the transaction, or他不能以正常方式理解此項(xiàng)交易的性質(zhì)以及會(huì)產(chǎn)生的后果，或者16. Intoxicate Persons醉酒的人A person incurs only voidable contractual duties by entering into a transaction if the other party has reason to know that by reason of intoxication如果締約他方當(dāng)事人有合理的理由知道一方當(dāng)事人由于醉酒存在下列情況，則該當(dāng)事人在從事交易活動(dòng)時(shí)所創(chuàng)設(shè)的合同義務(wù)是可以撤消的。(2) Where the contract is made on fair terms and the other party is without knowledge of the mental illness or defect, the power of a voidance under Subsection (1) terminates to the extent that the contract has been so preformed in whole or in part or the circumstances have so changed that a voidance would be unjust. In such a case a court may grant relief as justice requires. 如果合同的締結(jié)是基于公平的條款，并且他方當(dāng)事人不知道該締約人患有 精神疾病或存在精神缺陷，那么，如果該合同已經(jīng)被全部或部分地履行或者情勢(shì)變更，以至撤消該合同有失公平，