【正文】
是因?yàn)槿伺c人之間有友誼,同樣的,人與書之間也有友誼。這是因?yàn)槿伺c人之間、人與書之間同樣有友誼。相比之下,譯文 B照顧到了韻律、節(jié)奏、字?jǐn)?shù)、詩(shī)句長(zhǎng)短等方面都恰到好處,既兼顧了英詩(shī)意義風(fēng)格,又考慮到漢語(yǔ)詩(shī)體形式,讀來(lái)朗朗上口。” (王振國(guó)譯) 【 解析 】 答案 : A完全表達(dá)了原文的意思,翻譯也很到位,特征是用詞口語(yǔ)化,字多句長(zhǎng),清楚明了。 返回章重點(diǎn) 退出 43 例 8: “ As soon as April pierces to the root The drought of March, and bathes each bud and shoot Through every vein of sap with gentle showers From whose engendering liquor spring the flowers。 【 解析 】 答案: C。 B. 任何謹(jǐn)慎的動(dòng)機(jī)都約束不了他們的語(yǔ)言。 譯文 C是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句, “ 卻 ” 字表示轉(zhuǎn)折,既表達(dá)了原文之意,又符合漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣。 【 解析 】 答案: C 。 B. 雖然他濕透了,但是他并不感到冷。 C. 成功的關(guān)鍵不是信息,是人。 答案: C 例 5: The key to success is not information. It’s people. A. 成功的關(guān)鍵不在于信息而在于人。 B.那孩子是這個(gè)男人的父親。啊,前侯爵先生,求求你,但愿你也忠于我! C.我一直忠于你,現(xiàn)在卻成了我的過(guò)錯(cuò)。 答案: C 例 3: My fault is, that I have been true to you. Oh, Monsieur heretofore the Marquis, I pray you be true to me! ( Charles Dickens: A Tale of Two Cities) A.我一直忠于你,現(xiàn)在看來(lái)我錯(cuò)了。 B.愛這些書和這把鑰匙,才能打開美妙世界之門。 C. 看見他那副尷尬的樣子,莫里斯夫人笑了。請(qǐng)比較下列譯文,選出理想答案,并說(shuō)明理由: 例 1: Seeing his uneasiness, Mrs. Morris smiled. 。翻譯時(shí)要善于比較,通過(guò)比較、鑒別來(lái)提高邏輯思維和創(chuàng)造思維能力,從不同的角度認(rèn)識(shí)事物和現(xiàn)象,從而正確地把握原文的思想。 his name is Balthazar. I acquainted him with the cause in controversy between the Jew and Antonio the merchant: we turn’d o’er many books together: he is furnisht with my opinion, which, better’d with his own 1earning, — the greatness whereof I cannot enough mend, — es with him, at my importunity, to fill up your grace’s request in my stead. 1 beseech you, let his lack of years be no impediment to let him lack a reverend estimation。這時(shí)可以換一個(gè)角度,用“逆向”聯(lián)想的辦法來(lái)解決,照樣也可獲得理想譯文。遇到這種情況,切忌望文生義,想當(dāng)然?!敝袊?guó)讀者壓根兒也想不到把提琴與健壯能聯(lián)系在一起,如果說(shuō)“他體弱多病”倒還差不多;至于黃瓜到底有多鎮(zhèn)定,也難體會(huì)出來(lái)。( or: 他體壯如牛,此刻泰然自若。譯得好,屬老到、傳神的譯文 ” (俞家鉦: 1995)。 例 3: Didn’t she swear she’d never again believe anything in trousers? 【 譯文 】 她不是發(fā)誓此后再也不相信 穿褲子的家伙 了嗎? 【 解析 】 當(dāng)提到 “ 穿褲子的家伙 ” 可自然聯(lián)想到男人,但 “ 譯文卻不說(shuō) ‘ 男人 ’ ,而說(shuō) ‘ 穿褲子的家伙 ’ ,正是文字的俏皮之處,表現(xiàn)出一種對(duì)男人的鄙夷態(tài)度;若譯為 ‘ 她不是發(fā)誓以后再也不相信男人了嗎? ’ 不但說(shuō)話人的特殊態(tài)度看不出來(lái),文字也平淡無(wú)奇了。 【 解析 】 這里的 “ Friday”譯為 “ 助手 ” 是取之于笛福的 《 魯濱遜漂流記 》 ( D. Defoe: Robinson Crusoe)。當(dāng)然,聯(lián)想不是毫無(wú)根據(jù)、海闊天空、不著邊際的胡猜亂想,不能憑猜測(cè),而是要有一個(gè)“立足點(diǎn)” ——意,可圍繞這個(gè)“點(diǎn)”和這個(gè)“意”進(jìn)行積極思維、追意聯(lián)想,方可獲取理想譯文。像這種類似詞組還有 “ TV doctor”(電視機(jī)修理工 ), “radio doctor”(收音機(jī)修理工 ),“puter doctor”(電腦維修人員) , “a watch doctor”(修表師傅), “ drill doctor”(鉆釬修理工), “ play doctor”(修改劇本使其適于上演的人) , “business doctor”( [美 ]企業(yè)顧問(wèn))等等。 【 解析 】 “doctor”是 “ 醫(yī)生,大夫 ” ,指掌握醫(yī)療知識(shí),以治病為業(yè)的人,通俗地講就是給有病的人看病治病的人。 and the corn, piled in graceful sheaves, or waving in every light breath that sweeps above it, as if it wooed the sickle, tinges the landscape with a golden hue. A mellow softness appears to hang over the whole earth。 these relations of production correspond to a definite stage of development of their material powers of production. The sum total of these relations of production constitutes the economic structure of society — the real foundation on which rise legal and political superstructures and to which correspond definite forms of social consciousness. 返回章重點(diǎn) 退出 返回章重點(diǎn) 退出 27 課堂互動(dòng) 2: 翻譯句子 The mode of production in material life determines the general character of the social, political and spiritual processes of life. It is not the consciousness of men that determines their existence, but, on the contrary, their social existence determines their consciousness. (Karl Marx: A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy) 返回章重點(diǎn) 退出 課堂互動(dòng) 2: 翻譯句子 10. There is no month in the whole year, in which nature wears a more beautiful appearance than in the month of August. Spring has many beauties, and May is a fresh and blooming month, but the charms of this time of year are enhanced by their contrast with the winter season. August has no such advantage. It es when we remember nothing but clear skies, green fields and sweetsmelling flowers — when the recollection of snow, and ice, and bleak winds, has faded from our minds as pletely as they have disappeared from the earth—and yet what a pleasant time it is! 返回章重點(diǎn) 退出 課堂互動(dòng) 2: 翻譯句子 (參考譯文) Orchards and cornfields ring with the hum of labour。那么所謂 “ 肉體 ”與 “ 生前常去的地方 ” 搭配就有問(wèn)題,這里把 “ 肉體 ” 的概念去掉,譯成 “ 生前 ” ,便可與 “ 鬼魂 ” 相一致。 返回章重點(diǎn) 退出 23 例 4: Spirits are supposed to haunt the places where their bodies most resorted, and Monseigneur without a guinea haunted the spot where his guineas used to be.( Charles Dickens: A Tale of Two Cities) 【 譯文 】 據(jù)說(shuō) 鬼魂 時(shí)常出沒(méi)于他們 生前 常去的地方,爵爺也一樣,連一枚金幣也沒(méi)有的爵爺也會(huì)經(jīng)常光顧他曾經(jīng)存放金幣的地方 【 解析 】 “spirits”是 “ 靈魂 ” 之意,后面的 “ bodies”應(yīng)譯為“ 肉體 ” 則兩詞成對(duì)應(yīng),情理通順。 【 解析 】 在譯這段話時(shí),提出 “ 他為何把拳頭塞進(jìn)嘴里 ” 的問(wèn)題,會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這是一個(gè)省略了表示行為目的內(nèi)容的句子,如照搬原文形式,會(huì)使譯文給人一個(gè)語(yǔ)義不全、概念不完整的感覺。 返回章重點(diǎn) 退出 22 例 3: Suddenly an idea mingled with the alcoholic fumes that disturbed his brain. It was apparently of a jocular nature, for he felt impelled to slap his leg again and cram his fist into mouth.( 《 中國(guó)翻譯 》 1997. 2) 【 譯文 】 他醉意未消,腦子里突然冒出了一個(gè)念頭。 【 解析 】 “這種譯法不但傳神,忠實(shí)于原文的內(nèi)容,而且在形式上更貼切于原文 ” (俞家鉦: 1995)。難,是思維的動(dòng)力,不難,則無(wú)須思索;設(shè)問(wèn)排難才能積極思維、主動(dòng)探索求知,“深入角色”,體察入微,講求邏輯,細(xì)心揣摩,使譯文文從字順,讀來(lái)上口,聽來(lái)入耳。到底是什么意思?表示什么?什么場(chǎng)合什么情況下使用?文學(xué)語(yǔ)言還是日常生活語(yǔ)言?其實(shí)這是美國(guó)的中學(xué)生常對(duì)家長(zhǎng)說(shuō)的一句話,指學(xué)校上課少,了解這一點(diǎn),了解這一背景,自然就好譯了?!? 課堂互動(dòng) 1: B. 改譯下列句子 返回章重點(diǎn) 退出 20 4. 2 設(shè)問(wèn)排難 (Questionsraising) 例 1: Tomorrow is a minimum day, could you pick me up at noon? 【 譯文 】 明天只上半天課,提前放學(xué),中午來(lái)接我好嗎。 課堂互動(dòng) 1: B. 改譯下列句子 返回章重點(diǎn) 退出 18 9. He would study and work hard, he would do anything he was asked to do but return to his old life, which has turned to ashes beneath his feet. 【 譯文 】 他一定會(huì)努力學(xué)習(xí)和工作,只要不再回到舊的生活里去 ——它已經(jīng)在他的腳底下化為塵埃了 ——派他做什么工作都行。 課堂互動(dòng) 1: B. 改譯下列句子 返回章重點(diǎn) 退出 17 7.