【正文】 ? 風(fēng)聲鶴唳，草木皆兵 be scared by the sigh of the wind or the cry of the cranes, fearing ambush at every tree and tuft of grass ? 個人自掃門前雪， 不管他人瓦上霜。 : 保留原習(xí)語形象 (異化 ) 紙老虎 paper tiger 走狗 running dog 丟臉 lose face 和風(fēng)細雨 as mild as a drizzle and as gentle as a breeze 槁木死灰 withered wood or cold ashes 跑了和尚跑不了廟 The monk may run away, but the temple can?t run away. 竹籃打水一場空 drawing water in a bamboo basket 剖腹藏珠 cut open your stomach to hide a pearl 外強中干 Outwardly strong but inwardly weak 禮尚往來 Courtesy requires reciprocity 前怕老虎后怕狼 Fear of the wolf in front and the tiger behind 刻骨銘心 To be engraved on one?s heart and bones 引狼入室 To lead a wolf into the house 重見天日 To see the daylight again 百川歸海 All rivers flow to the sea. 畫餅充饑 To draw cakes to allay hunger 口蜜腹劍 To be honeymouthed and daggerhearted 聲東擊西 To shout in the east and strike in the west 城門失火 ,殃及池魚 A fire on the city wall brings disaster to the fish in the moat. 路遙知馬力 ,日久見人心 As a long road tests a horse?s strength, so a long task proves a person?s heart. 初生牛犢不怕虎 Newborn calves make little of tigers. 明槍易躲 ,暗箭難防 It is easy to dodge a spear in the open, but hard to guard against an arrow shot from behind. 不能直譯的習(xí)語 ? 眉飛色舞 ? 死譯 ： His eyebrows are flying and his countenance is dancing ? 改譯 ： To beam with joy ? 粗枝大葉 ? With big branches and broad leaves ? To be crude and careless ? 無孔不入 ? To get into every hole ? To take advantage of every weakness ? 揚眉吐氣 ? To raise the eyebrow and let out a breath ? To feel proud and elated ?燈紅酒綠 ?With red lights and green wine ?Dissipated and luxurious ?紙醉金迷 ?With drunken paper and bewitched gold ?(a life of )luxury and dissipation ?開門見山 ?To open the door and see the mountain ?To e straight to the point ?單槍匹馬 ?With a solitary spear and a single horse ?To be singlehanded in doing sth. ?大張旗鼓 ?To make a great array of flags and drums ?On a large and spectacular scale ?海闊天空 ?With a vast sea and a boundless sky ?(To talk) at random ?風(fēng)雨飄搖 ?The wind and rain are rocking ?(of a situation)being unstable 2. 同義習(xí)語借用法 :歸化 1)含義相同 ,所用比喻和形象基本一致 , “心有靈犀一點通”的習(xí)語 , 可“自然歸化” 混水摸魚 to fish in troubled water 火上澆油 to add fuel to oil 空中樓閣 castles in the air 趁熱打鐵 Strike while the iron is hot. 滄海一粟 a drop in the ocean 復(fù)水難收 no use crying over spilt milk 狐假虎威 ass in the lion?s skin 養(yǎng)虎為患 to warm a snake in one?s bosom 本末倒置 to put the cart before the horse 眼中釘 ,肉中刺 a thorn in the flesh 隔墻有耳 Walls have ears. 赴湯蹈火 go through fire and water 過河拆橋 kick down the ladder 格格不入 be like square pegs in round holes 乳臭未干 be wet behind the ears 魂不附體 jump out of one?s skin 2)形象不同 ,寓意相同的 ,亦可借用，但是文化發(fā)生沖突時，要謹慎處理，不能隨意借用。 ? 8. 直譯加注法： 有些習(xí)語包含歷史典故，含有中國文化色彩，如果不作一番解釋，英語讀者將很難理解其確切含義。 Translation Methods 習(xí)語翻譯的基本方法 ? 6. 增添法： 為了更清楚地表達原意，有時要結(jié)合上下文，在譯文中增添一些說明。 改變形式的五個條件 ?直譯會導(dǎo)致意義上的錯誤時； ?引入外來語形成語義空白（ Semantic Zero），讀者有可能自己填入錯誤的意義時； ?形式對等引起嚴重的意義晦澀時； ?形式對等引起作者原意所沒有的歧義時； ?形式對等違反譯入語的語法或文體規(guī)范時。 ?第三點要求譯者不要把習(xí)語當(dāng)作普通語句來處理，須避免字字對譯。 ?習(xí)語是語言中獨立的、不規(guī)則的、固定的成分。 twopart allegorical sayings 6. 格言警句 : maxim Characteristics of Chinese Idioms ?習(xí)語集中反映一個民族或文化的特色。 idioms 2. 慣用語： idioms 3. 俗語 : “通俗流行之語”或“約定俗成廣泛通行之語” sayings 4. 諺語 : “在群眾中間流傳的固定語句 ,用簡單通俗的話反映出深刻的道理。漢語成語大多由四個字組成。我們爺兒倆住著柳家大院的一間北房?，F(xiàn)在我在街上 擺掛攤 ， 好了呢 ，一天也 抓弄個 三毛五毛的。我是個算命先生。 ? He takes a positive attitude in dealing with all kinds of problems. ? He approaches various problems with a positive frame of mind. ? 8. 請別 客氣 . ? Please don?t stand on ceremony. ? Please don?t be so polite. ? Please make yourself at home. ? Please don?t bother. Please, we don?t want to put you to trouble. ? 9. 他 客氣 而冷淡地接待了我們 . ? He received us politely but coolly. ? He received us with civility but no warmth. ? He received us with cool politeness. ? He received us with polite indifference. ? 10. 對他這種人就是不能 客氣 . ? You cannot afford to go soft on a man like him. ? You must not be too soft when dealing with someone like him. ? You must be tough with people like him. ? Don?t give in easily when dealing with someone like him. ? ,這只不過是中國人的 客氣 罷了 . ? He says that he is a man of little learning and talent. That is merely selfdepreciation, considered as politeness by the Chinese. ? When he says he has little learning or talent, he is only being modest in accordance with the Chinese r