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weights to the criteria. ?Developing, analyzing, and selecting an alternative that can resolve the problem. ?Implementing the selected alternative. ?Evaluating the decision’s effectiveness. Step 1: Identifying the Problem(識(shí)別問(wèn)題) ? Problem(問(wèn)題) ?A discrepancy between an existing and desired state of affairs.(現(xiàn)狀與希望狀態(tài)之間的差異) ? Characteristics of Problems(問(wèn)題的特點(diǎn)) ?A problem bees a problem when a manager bees aware of it.(管理者需要意識(shí)到問(wèn)題的存在) ?There is pressure to solve the problem. (有解決問(wèn)題的壓力) ?The manager must have the authority, information, or resources needed to solve the problem. (管理者必須擁有解決問(wèn)題所需的職權(quán)、信息或其他資源) Step 2: Identifying Decision Criteria (確認(rèn)決策標(biāo)準(zhǔn)) ? Decision criteria are factors that are important (relevant) to resolving the problem. Step 3: Allocating Weights to the Criteria (為決策標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分配權(quán)重) ? Decision criteria are not of equal importance: ?Assigning a weight to each item to place the items in the correct priority order of their importance in the decision making process. (為每個(gè)決策標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分配權(quán)重,以便根據(jù)其在決策制定過(guò)程中的重要程度正確規(guī)定它們的優(yōu)先次序) Step 4: Developing Alternatives(開(kāi)發(fā)備選方案) ? Identifying viable alternatives ?Alternatives are listed (without evaluation) that can resolve the problem.(列出能夠解決問(wèn)題的備選方案) Step 5: Analyzing Alternatives(分析備選方案) ? Appraising each alternative’s strengths and weaknesses(評(píng)估每個(gè)備選方案的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)) ?An alternative’s appraisal is based on its ability to resolve the issues identified in steps 2 and 3. (每個(gè)備選方案的評(píng)估建立在其解決步驟 2和 3所發(fā)現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題基礎(chǔ)上) 頭腦風(fēng)暴法 ?頭腦風(fēng)暴法是由被稱之為 “ 風(fēng)暴式思考之父 ” 的 ?是常用的集體決策方法 ?將對(duì)解決某一問(wèn)題有興趣的人集合在一起,在完全不受約束的條件下,暢所欲言 ?目標(biāo):鼓勵(lì)每個(gè)人都提出解決方案,而不用害怕遭到批評(píng) ?通過(guò)相互交流,在頭腦中進(jìn)行智力碰撞,產(chǎn)生新的智力火花,使集體的討論不斷集中和精化。 這些方式都很獨(dú)特而富有創(chuàng)造性,但最重要的是迎合了可口可樂(lè)公司所在的當(dāng)?shù)厥袌?chǎng)的需求。另外,在中國(guó),引進(jìn)了一種適合中國(guó)人口味的 “ 美汁源 ” 的