【正文】 all parties involved. Its acceptances closes? the case.?Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 (COBRA) This ?act was signed into law in 1986. COBRA requires employers that provide ?group benefits to employees through a group plan to also provide group ?benefits to qualified beneficiaries with the right to elect to continue their ?coverage for a certain period of time after their coverage would otherwise ?terminate, with a few exceptions.?constructs Constructs are substitutes for actual performance. For example,? a score on a test is a construct for actual learning.?contract labor Contract labor consists of people who are hired (and often ?trained) by an independent agency that supplies panies with needed? human resources for a fee.?contributory benefit plans Contributory benefit plans are fringe benefits that? require both the employer and the employee to contribute to the cost of? the insurance, retirement, or other employer benefit.?coordinated organizing Coordinated organizing occurs when two or more ?unions pool their resources to organize a targeted employer or group of ?employees.?corrective discipline Corrective discipline is an action that follows a rule ?infraction and seeks to discourage further infractions so that future acts ?are in pliance with standards.?counseling Counseling is the discussion of an employee problem with the ?general objective of helping the worker cope with it.?counseling functions Counseling functions are the activities performed by? counselors. They include advice, reassurance, munication, release of ?emotional tension, clarified thinking, and reorientation.?craft unions Craft unions are labor organizations that seek to include all workers who have a mon skill, such as carpenters or plumbers.?critical incident method The critical incident method requires the rater to ?report statements that describe extremely good or extremely bad employee behavior. These statements are called critical incidents, and they ?are used as examples of good or bad performance in rating the employee.?Decisionmaking authority See line authority.??deductible clause A deductible clause is a provision in an insurance policy? that requires the insured to pay a specified amount of a claim before the ?insurer is obligated to pay.?deferral jurisdictions Deferral jurisdictions are areas in the United States ?where the EEOC will refer a case to another (usually a state or local)?agency。s ?expenses?munication Communication is the transfer of information and understanding from one person to another.?parable worth Comparable worth is the idea that a job should be evaluated as to its value to the organization and then paid accordingly. Thus ?jobs of parable worth would be paid equally. For example, two people? with widely different jobs would both receive the same pay if the two ?jobs were of equal value to the employer.?parative evaluation approaches Comparative evaluation approaches are ?a collection of different methods that pare one person39。s career path.?career path A career path is the sequential pattern of jobs that form one39。s questions.?burnout Burnout is a condition of mental, emotional, and sometimes physical exhaustion that results from substantial prolonged stress.?business agent A business agent is a fulltime employee of a local (usually ?craft) union. The business agent helps employees resolve their problems ?with management.?business unionism Business unionism describes unions that seek to improve ?the wages, hours, and working conditions of their members in a business? like manner. (See social unionism.)?buyback Buybacks occur when an employee who attempts to resign is convinced to stay in the employment of the organization. Normally the person is bought back with an offer of increased wages or salary.?Cafeteria benefit programs Cafeteria benefit programs allow employees to? select the fringe benefits and services that answer their individual needs.?career A career is all the jobs that are held during one39。s representatives to? determine wages, hours, and working conditions to be embodied in the ?labor agreement.?behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS) BARS rate employees? scale that has specific behavioral examples on it to guide the rater.?? Behavioral modeling Behavioral modeling relies on the initiation or emulation of a desired behavior. A repetition of behavior modeling helps to? develop appropriate responses in specified situations.?behavior modification Behavior modification states that behavior depends? on its consequences.?blind ads Blind ads are want ads that do not identify the employer.?bona fide occupational qualifications (BFOQ) A BFOQ occurs when an employer has a justified business reason for discriminating against a member? of a protected class. The burden of proving a BFOQ generally falls on? the employer.?bottomline test The bottomline test is applied by the Equal Employment ?Opportunity Commission to determine if a firm39。s work.?bargaining book A bargaining book is a pilation of the negotiation ?team39。?Appendix A?Glossary of Human? Resource Management? Terms?absentees Absentees are employees who are scheduled to be at work but are ?not present.?Accident and sickness policies Accident and sickness policies usually provide ?a minimumcare stipend for several weeks up to six months to help employees defray the loss of ine while they are sick or recovering from ?an accident.?accreditation Accreditation is a process of certifying the petence of? a person in an area of capability. The Society for Human Resource Management operates an accreditation program for personnel professionals.?active listening Active listening requires the listener to stop talking, to remove distractions, to be patient, and to empathize with the talker.?adverse selection Adverse selection occurs when an insurance p