【正文】 結(jié)果　　　　I hurried to get there only to find him out .　　　　The book is too hard for the boy to read .　　　　He is old enough to go to school .　　　　8 . 不定式作補(bǔ)足語　　　　I saw him play in the street just now .　　　　能跟不帶to 的不定式作補(bǔ)足語的動詞有：　　　　see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice　　　　注: 當(dāng)這些詞為被動式時，不定式要帶to , 如：　　　　He was seen to play in the street just now.　　　　二．動名詞　　　　1．There’s no telling what will happen .　　　　=It’s impossible to tell what will happen .　　　　= No one can tell what will happen .　　　　2．It’s no use talking with him .　　　　It’s no good speaking to them like that .　　　　3．There’s some difficulty ( in ) doing …　　　　在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下單詞替換:　　　　trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time　　　　注意以下幾個問題：　　　　1．下列動詞后跟不定式與跟動名詞作賓語意義有區(qū)別，　　　　forget to do … 忘記要做某事　　　　forget doing… 忘記做了某事　　　　remember to do…記住要做某事　　　　remember doing …記著做了某事　　　　mean to do … 有意要做某事　　　　mean doing … 意味著做了某事　　　　regret to do …（do指代有限的幾個詞，如say、tell） 很抱歉要告訴你…　　　　regret doing … 對做過去的事后悔　　　　can’t help to do…不能幫助做某事　　　　can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事　　　　try to do … 盡力去做某事　　　　try doing 試著做某事　　　　learn to do … 學(xué)著去做某事　　　　learn doing … 學(xué)會做某事　　　　stop to do … 停下來去做（另一件事）　　　　stop doing … 停止做某事　　　　go on to do … 接著做（另外一件事）　　　　go on doing … 繼續(xù)做某事　　　　used to do … 過去做某事　　　　be used to doing … 習(xí)慣做某事　　　　2．動名詞作定語與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語意義有區(qū)別　　　　動名詞作定語表達(dá) n+ for doing 的含義　　　　現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表達(dá) n+which(who) be doing的含義　　　　如：a sleeping car = a car for sleeping　　　　a running horse = a horse which is running　　　　前者是動名詞 ， 后者是現(xiàn)在分詞　　　　又如： drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy　　　　3． 動名詞的邏輯主語：　　　　動名詞的邏輯主語為代詞或名詞的所有格形式。例如：通常不說We think to obey the laws is important . 而說We think it important to obey the laws .　　　　5．不定式的省略?！　　　gree to object to close to , e to , lead to , refer to ,　　　　equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to　　　　2． 帶to 還是不帶to　　　　I have no choice but to give in　　　　I cannot do anything but give in　　　　I saw him enter the classroom .　　　　（ 但是： He was seen to enter the classroom .）　　　　3． 動詞不定式邏輯主語是由for 作為標(biāo)記的。to ride ride。ride 。to help you out help。help you out 。stolen 。stolen 。tiring 。tired 。left 。to leave 。doing have done。to do done。discussed 。discussed 。singing 。singing 。held 。being held 。being permitted e。permitted 。advanced 。advancing 。seeing 。seen 。found。finding。found。finding。finding out to。to find to。再看一類似例句： He came in,(with)his head held 。　　　　10．The murderer was brought in,with his hands ______ behind his back.　　　　 tied tied be tired 　　　　析：B表主動意，應(yīng)排除。D項(xiàng)少引導(dǎo)詞who，也應(yīng)排除。又因A表“要發(fā)明”意，不合題用，只有C表“發(fā)明了”意，才合題用，故選C?！　　　?．Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first puter.　　　　 invent have invented mvented　　　　析：consider表“考慮”意時，其后動詞用doing形式，此處不表“考慮”，而表“認(rèn)為”，這時consider后作賓語補(bǔ)足語或主語補(bǔ)足語多為to do,to have done,to be等形式?！　　　?．______ a reply,he decided to write again.　　　　 receiving not having received not received　　　　析：非謂語動詞的否定式not應(yīng)置于首位，B、D皆為錯誤形式。若將B項(xiàng)改為try to go，則要根據(jù)其與try going意義之別來確定答案?！　　　?．The patient was warned ______ oily food after the operation.　　　　 eat not not to eat eating　　　　析：根據(jù)warn sb.(not)to do ，可排除B、D兩項(xiàng)；又根據(jù)非謂語動詞的否定式not總是在首位的規(guī)律，又可排除A，而定C。Take后無賓語，必然要用被動式，故答案為A。再舉一現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語例：　　　　The bus was held up by the snowstorm,causing the ，因而耽誤了。D項(xiàng)to make或表目的，或表“將要使得”，這都不合題干情景?！　編輯本段]典型習(xí)題　　　　1．The Olympic Games, ______ in 776 ,did’t include women players until 1919.　　　　 playing be first played played be first playing　　　　析：根據(jù)題干，必須選表示被動的選項(xiàng)，故排除A、D；因B選項(xiàng)表“將要被舉行”意，不合題干之用，只有C選項(xiàng)（相當(dāng)于which was first played）才合用。（表示條件）　　　　Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.　　　　雖然被告之有危險(xiǎn)，他仍然冒生命危險(xiǎn)去救那個孩子。（表示時間）　　　　Given more time, I39?！　　　?．過去分詞作狀語：　　　　Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.　　　　受到鄰居們的表揚(yáng)，他成為父母的驕傲。　　　　3．過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語：　　　　I heard the song sung several times last week.　　　　上周我聽見這首歌被唱了好幾次。區(qū)別：　　　　The window is broken.（系表）　　　　The window was broken by the boy.（被動）　　　　有些過去分詞是不及物動詞構(gòu)成的，不表示被動，只表示完成?！　　　hey were frightened at the sad sight. 他們對眼前悲慘的景象感到很害怕。過去分詞做定語相當(dāng)于一個被動語態(tài)的定語從句?！　　　hose selected as mittee members will attend the meeting. 當(dāng)選為委員的人將出席這次會。不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞沒有統(tǒng)一的規(guī)則要求，要一一記住。　　　　Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般說來，女孩子更細(xì)心?！　　　∮袝r也可用with (without) +名詞（代詞賓格）+分詞形式　　　　With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他點(diǎn)著燈睡著了?！　　　ime permitting, we39?！　　　、嗯c邏輯主語構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格：　　　　I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head．　　　　我等汽車時，一只鳥落到我頭上?！　　　、拮髂康臓钫Z：　　　　He went swimming the other day. 幾天前他去游泳了。　　　?、茏鳁l件狀語：　　　　(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.　　　　要是整天玩，你就會浪費(fèi)寶貴的時間?！　　　、谧髟驙钫Z：　　　　Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青團(tuán)員，他經(jīng)常幫助他人。例如：　　　　Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能聽見她在隔壁唱歌嗎？　　　　He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他讓小汽車在門口等著。　　　　be + doing既可能表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，也可能是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語，它們的區(qū)別在于be + doing表示進(jìn)行的動作是進(jìn)行時，而表示特征時是系動詞be與現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 the man speaking to the teacher可改為the man who is speaking to the teacher.　　　?。?）現(xiàn)在分詞作表語：　　　　The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在這家上演的電影很棒。s father.　　　　正與老師談話的那個人是我們班長的父親?！　　　n the following years he worked even harder.　　　　在后來的幾年中，他學(xué)習(xí)更努力了?！　　　aving been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.　　　　被告訴了好幾遍，這個淘氣的孩子又犯了同一個錯誤。　　　?。?）現(xiàn)在分詞的被動語態(tài)：一般式表示與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生的被動的動作，完成式表示發(fā)生在謂語動　　　　詞之前的被動的動作。例如：　　　　They went to the park, singing and talking. 他們邊唱邊說向公園走去?！　　　。ㄈ┈F(xiàn)在