【正文】 我們只能說： suggest sth. to sb. explain sb. read sth. to sb. 短語動詞的辨析 熟記常考的短語動詞的意義 容易被我們忽視的知識點 sell, write, wash, wear 等詞的主動形式后跟副詞表示被動意義 happen, occur, take place, break out, e out, belong to 等 無被動形式 六、動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài) 1. 常用?？嫉膭釉~時態(tài)和用 法：（以 do 為例） 名稱 構成 用法 fa3e10bf1d65c153d26dc1a64fe61e99 8 j 一般現(xiàn)在時 do/does,( 連系動詞is/am/are ) 、習慣性動作、客觀真理、科學事實、格言，目前的特征、狀態(tài)、能力等。 In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉 after) 這樣一來，糧食和蔬菜都能兼顧了。 look after 照料， look at 看， look for 尋找 動詞 +副詞 +介詞 I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就見到你。 注意： ①當它跟賓語時，不能把介詞放在賓語后面。 ④ 不同動詞和同一副詞搭配時，在意義上 有很大 的差異 break out 發(fā)生，爆炸 carry out 進行，開展 go out 熄滅 hand out 分發(fā) let out 放出 look out 當心 sell out 賣完 set out 出發(fā) , take out 取出 work out 算出 動詞 +介詞 (及物 ) I39。 ②如果賓語是人稱代詞，只能放在動詞和副詞之間 She gave them 。 （及物） Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left. 晚會后，人們都已離去，哈 里出現(xiàn)了。have(has)。 五、動詞和短語動詞 知識網(wǎng)絡 fa3e10bf1d65c153d26dc1a64fe61e99 7 j 動詞的分類 行為動詞（實義動詞） ①及物動詞（帶賓語）： study, develop。 用 times 表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上，兩倍可以用 twice 或 double. 注意： 1. 可以修飾比較級的詞有： much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal； 2. 表示“最高程度“的形容詞沒有最高級和比較級。 表達法二： A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亞洲是歐洲的四倍大 /亞洲比歐洲大三倍 。 （意為：我度過了最為令人煩惱的一天。 要注意題干中將比較的另一方陰藏起來的情況。比較級和最高級的構成一般是在形容詞和副詞后加 er和 est，多音節(jié)和一些雙音節(jié)詞前加 more 和 most。 Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy 害 怕困難，他們寧愿走 好走 的路。 規(guī)則： 限定語（ The、 A） + 描繪性形容詞 + size（?。?+ shape（ 形狀） + age（年齡、時間） + color（顏色） + origin（國籍、來源） + material（材料） + purpose（目的） + 名詞。 none 作主語或賓語，代替不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)，代替可數(shù)名詞，謂語單復數(shù)皆可以 ① There is no water in the bottle. ② How much water is there in the bottle? None. ③ None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties. other 和another other 泛指“另外的，別的”常與其他詞連用，如： the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way, the other 特指兩者中的另外一個，復數(shù)為 the others ① Both sides have accused of breaking the contract. A. another B. the other C. neither D. each ② Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam. another 指“又一個，另一個”無所指，復數(shù)形式是 others，泛指“別的人或事” ① We had a piic last term and it was a lot of fun， so let’s have ______ one this month． A． the other B． some C． another D． other ② The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others. ③ Some like football, while others like basketball. either 和neither 前者意思為：兩者都（兩者中任何 一方都）； 后者意思為：兩者都 不 ① —Do you want tea or coffee? — ______, I really don39。 it D. it。 one B. one。此外 it還可以作形式主語、形式賓語和用于強調句型中 。 There are two chairs and a desk in the room. There is a desk and two chairs in the room. 主語后面跟有 with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along with, including, in addition to 等引起的短語， 謂語動詞要跟主語一致，即就遠一致。 Either the teacher or the students are our friends. Neither he nor they are wholly right. Neither they nor he is wholly right. Is neither he nor they wholly right? there be 句型中 be 動詞的單復數(shù)取決于其后的主語。 My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his. “定冠詞 the+形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人動詞用復數(shù)；若表示某一類東西時，動詞用單數(shù)。 The paper works was built in 1990 年。 One and a half apples is left on the table. 一些學科名詞是以 ics 結尾，如： mathematics, politics, physics 以及 news, works 等。 Thirty minutes is enough for the work.. Twenty pounds is too dear. 如強調這類詞的復數(shù)意義，則謂語動詞要用復數(shù)形式 Forty kilos of water are used every day. 若英語是書名 、地 名 、 格言 、 劇名 、 報 紙 名國名等的復數(shù)形式，其謂 語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。 A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples. The number of pages in this book is three hundred. 在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應與其后的主語一致 There es the bus. On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts. Between the two hills stands a monument. 邏 輯 意 義 一 致 原 則 What, who, which, any, more, all 等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復數(shù)， 主要靠意思來決定。 Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard. He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the (only) one of my friends who is working hard. 在強調句型中應與被強調部分一致 It is I who am going to the cinema tonight. It is we who are going to the cinema tonight. 如果集體名詞指的是整個集體，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式； 如果它指的集體的成員，其謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式 The police are looking for the lost child. The cattle are eating grass in the field. His family has moved to the south .(他的一家 ) His family are watching TV.（他的家人） Class four is on the third floor.（四班） Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.（四班的學生） fa3e10bf1d65c153d26dc1a64fe61e99 4 j 由 a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the majority of+名詞構成的短語以及由分數(shù)或百分數(shù) +名詞構成的短語作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。若它后面的名詞是復數(shù)，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)或復數(shù)都可以。either, neither, each, every 或 no+單數(shù)名詞和由 some, any no, every 構成的復合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。但若所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物 時，它后面的謂語就用單數(shù)形式。 His father is working on the farm. To study English well is not easy. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is very important for us all. 由 what 引導的主語從句，后面的謂語動詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語是復數(shù)或 what從句是一個帶有復數(shù)意義的并列結構時，主句的謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。這時名詞前往往有形容詞修飾 ① Oh, John. _____you gave me! A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surprise C. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise ② She looked up when I shouted. A. in a surprise B. in the surprise C. in surprise D. in some surprise 其它例子： The gift came as a plete surprise to me. We have had some unpleasant surprise fa3e10bf1d65c153d26dc1a64fe61e99 3 j ③ It is _____ work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it. unusual B. such unusual