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高考英語語法圖表總結(jié)重點(diǎn)-文庫吧資料

2025-06-05 22:49本頁面
  

【正文】 joy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist  feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to 兩者都可以  意義基本相同   begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue(接不定式多指具體的動(dòng)作,接動(dòng)名詞多指一般或習(xí)慣行為)   need, want, require(主語與動(dòng)名詞之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,接動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,若接不定式則應(yīng)用被動(dòng)形式)  意義相反 stop to do 停止手中所做的事,去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事 意義不同 remember/forget/regret to do(指動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生) remember/forget/regret doing(指動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生) go on to do(接著做另外一件事)   go on doing(接著做同一件事) try to do(設(shè)法,努力去做,盡力) try doing(試試去做,看有何結(jié)果) mean to do(打算做,企圖做) mean doing (意思是,意味著) can’t help (to) do(不能幫忙做)   can’t help doing(忍不住要做)   be considered to have done被認(rèn)為已經(jīng)做了  consider…to be認(rèn)為是 consider doing考慮做某事                           非謂語動(dòng)詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別 分 類 常見動(dòng)詞  與賓語的邏輯關(guān)系及時(shí)間概念 例 句  不定式   ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage   主謂關(guān)系,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作將發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成      I asked to be sent to the countryside.  I heard him call me several times.  have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make   現(xiàn)在分詞   notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel   主謂關(guān)系,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,尚未完成  I found her listening to the radio. 過去分詞  動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成,多強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài) We found the village greatly changed.     IV. 非謂語動(dòng)詞做定語的區(qū)別 分 類  區(qū) 別  例 句   不定式 與被修飾詞往往有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,一般式表示將來,進(jìn)行式表示與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,完成式表示在謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生  I have a lot of papers to type. I have a lot of papers to be typed.  I haven’t decided which hotel to stay at.(介詞at不能丟)  動(dòng)名詞 通常指被修飾詞的用途,無邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系  Shall we go to the swimming pool?  現(xiàn)在分詞 與被修飾詞之間是主謂關(guān)系,表示動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生  the boiling water / the boiled water   the developing country/the developed country  the falling leaves/the fallen leaves   過去分詞   與被修飾詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前,現(xiàn)已經(jīng)完成或只表示狀態(tài)   注意:the bridge to be built 將建造的橋, the bridge being built 正在建造的橋,the bridge built已經(jīng)建好的橋                           八、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞    情態(tài)動(dòng)詞  用 法  否定式 疑問式   簡(jiǎn)答式  can  能力(體力,智力,技能)  允許或許可(口語中常用)   可能性(表猜測(cè),用于否定句或疑問句中)   can not / cannot /can’t do Can…do…? Yes,…can. No,…can’t. could   couldn’t do   may  可以(問句中表示請(qǐng)求)  可能,或許(表推測(cè))   祝愿(用于倒裝句中)   may not do May…do…?      Yes,…may.  No,…mustn’t/can’t.   might might not do  Might…do…? Yes,…might No,…might not.   must 必須,應(yīng)該(表主觀要求)  肯定,想必(肯定句中表推測(cè))   must not/mustn’t do  Must…do…? to.   Yes,…must.   No,…needn’t/don’t have have to  只好,不得不(客觀的必須,有時(shí)態(tài)和人稱的變化)   don’t have to do Do…h(huán)ave to do…?  Yes,…do. No,…don’t.   ought to  應(yīng)當(dāng)(表示義務(wù)責(zé)任,口語中多用should)   ought not to/oughtn’t to do   Ought…to do…?  Yes,…ought.  No,…oughtn’t. shall   用于一三人稱征求對(duì)方意見   用于二三人稱表示許諾、命令、警告、威脅等   shall not/shan’t do Shall…do…?   Yes,…shall. No,…shan’t. should 應(yīng)當(dāng),應(yīng)該(表義務(wù)責(zé)任)  本該(含有責(zé)備意味) should not/shouldn’t do  Should…do…?    will  意愿,決心 請(qǐng)求,建議,用在問句中would比較委婉   will not/won’t do  Will/Would…do…?   Yes,…will. No,…won’t.   would  would not/wouldn’t do  dare   敢(常用于否定句和疑問句中) dare not/daren’t do Dare…do…?  Yes,…dare.   No,…daren’t. need  需要,必須(常用于否定句和疑問句中)  need not/needn’t do Need…do…?  Yes,…must. No,…needn’t. used to  過去常常(現(xiàn)在已不再)  used not/usedn’t/usen’t to do  didn’t use to do  Used…to do…?   Did…use to do…?   Yes,…used.   No,…use(d)n’t.   Yes,…did.  No,…didn’t.       表示“能力、許可”的can和may   表示能力的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用can/could   A puter_____think for itself?!∮胻imes 表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上,兩倍可以用twice或double.   注意:1. 可以修飾比較級(jí)的詞有:much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal;   2. 表示“最高程度“的形容詞沒有最高級(jí)和比較級(jí)。   表達(dá)法二:A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.   Asia is four times as large as Europe.  亞洲是歐洲的四倍大/亞洲比歐洲大三倍。  ?。ㄒ鉃椋何叶冗^了最為令人煩惱的一天。要注意題干中將比較的另一方陰藏起來的情況。 ▲This ________ girl is Linda’s cousin. (05北京卷) A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish              III. 形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)   形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成一般是在形容詞和副詞后加er和est,多音節(jié)和一些雙音節(jié)詞前加more 和most。t mind. A. none B. neither C. either D. all?、贗t was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which _____ of the parents spoke the language. A. none B. neither C. both D. each                四、形容詞和副詞   I. 形容詞 ?。盒稳菰~作定語通常前置,但在下列情況下后置 1 修飾some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)  nobody absent, everything possible  2 以able, ible結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于有最高級(jí)或only修飾的名詞之后  the best book available, the only solution possible  3   alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等作定語時(shí)后置 the only person awake  4   和空間、時(shí)間、單位連用時(shí)   a bridge 50 meters long   5   成對(duì)的形容詞可以后置   a huge room simple and beautiful 6   形容詞短語一般后置 a man difficult to get on with  7  enough修飾名詞時(shí)可以前置也可以后置,但修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)要后置 ______to take his adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.(NMET2000)  enough students breave students  brave enough enough brave  注意:多個(gè)形容詞修飾同一個(gè)名詞的順序  熟記口訣就可以順利解題:限定描繪大長(zhǎng)高,形狀年齡和新老,顏色國籍跟材料,作用類別往后靠。it   some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑問句和否定句  ?、賂here’s ________cooking oil in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get ________. ,some ,any little,some little,any ②We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for ________.   ?、跦e doesn’t have _________ furniture in his room just an old desk. A. any B. many C. some D. much   each和every each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)別,代表的數(shù)可以是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上,而every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體,所指的數(shù)必須是三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上 ?、貳ach student has a pocket dictionary. Each (of us) has a dictionary. = We each have a dictionary.?、贓very student has strong and weak points. / Every
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