【正文】
ct of 1986 was more than thirteen hundred pages long (Pub. L. 99514, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2085). Commerce Clearing House, a publisher of tax information, released a version of the Internal Revenue Code in the early 1990s that was four times thicker than its version in 1953. Changes to the tax laws often reflect the times. The flat tax of 1913 was later replaced with a graduated tax. After the United States entered world war i, the War Revenue Act of 1917 imposed a maximum tax rate for individuals of 67 percent, pared with a rate of 13 percent in 1916. In 1924 Secretary of the Treasury Andrew W. Mellon, speaking to Congress about the high level of taxation, stated, The present system is a failure. It was an emergency measure, adopted under the pressure of war necessity and not to be counted upon as a permanent part of our revenue structure…. The high rates put pressure on taxpayers to reduce their taxable ine, tend to destroy individual initiative and enterprise, and seriously impede the development of productive business…. Ways will always be found to avoid taxes so destructive in their nature, and the only way to save the situation is to put the taxes on a reasonable basis that will permit business to go on and industry to develop. Consequently, the Revenue Act of 1924 reduced the maximum individual tax rate to 43 percent (Revenue Acts, June 2, 1924, ch. 234, 43 Stat. 253). In 1926 the rate was further reduced to 25 percent. The Revenue Act of 1932 was the first tax law passed during the Great Depression (Revenue Acts, June 6, 1932, ch. 209, 47 Stat. 169). It increased the individual maximum rate from 25 to 63 percent, and reduced personal exemptions from $1,500 to $1,000 for single persons, and from $3,500 to $2,500 for married couples. The national industrial recovery act of 1933 (NIRA), part of President franklin d. roosevelt39。 loan amp。正是由于他們,我才能在各方面取得顯著的進(jìn)步,在此向他們表示我由衷的謝意,并祝所有的老師培養(yǎng)出越來(lái)越多的優(yōu)秀人才,桃李滿天下! 12 參考文獻(xiàn) [1]劉和山 ,王震亞 ,范志君 .產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì) [M].國(guó)防工業(yè)出版社 ,2022. [2]中國(guó)機(jī)械工業(yè)教育協(xié)會(huì) .工業(yè)產(chǎn)品造型設(shè)計(jì) [M].機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 ,2022. [3]丁玉蘭 .人機(jī)工程學(xué) [M].北京理工大學(xué)出版 社 , 2022. [4]何曉佑 , 謝云峰 . 人性化設(shè)計(jì) [M]. 南京 :江蘇美術(shù)出版社 , 2022 . [5]宮六朝 . 工業(yè)造型藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì) [M]. 石家莊 : 花山文藝出版社 ,2022. 13 請(qǐng)刪除以下內(nèi)容, O(∩ _∩ )O 謝謝?。?! The origin of taxation in the United States can be traced to the time when the colonists were heavily taxed by Great Britain on everything from tea to legal and business documents that were required by the Stamp Tax. The colonists39。為了指導(dǎo)我們的畢業(yè)論文,我的導(dǎo)師宋嘉老師傾注了大量的心血,這種無(wú)私奉獻(xiàn)的敬業(yè)精神令人欽佩,在此我向她表示我誠(chéng)摯的謝意。設(shè)計(jì)師需要從整個(gè)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行多要素的分析和設(shè)計(jì),即使是一個(gè)細(xì)部的改變也可為人們的生活帶來(lái)很大的方便。人性化設(shè)計(jì)并不是一種特定的方法或工具,而是一種思維和分析的方式,它不是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的行為,而是整體產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)與人的互動(dòng)過(guò)程中的一個(gè)部分。 因此,一種理念的引入,以及小小的細(xì)節(jié)改變都可給人們的生活帶來(lái)良性的發(fā)展以及莫大的方便,而這也正是人性化新理念的精髓所在,設(shè)計(jì)不在于有多大的顛覆性,而是在于與人方便,讓人們的生活更加美好,實(shí)現(xiàn)良性的循環(huán)。在這個(gè) 設(shè)計(jì)案例中,該款手提袋主打“親子”的設(shè)計(jì)概念,在手提袋設(shè)計(jì)出兩個(gè)拉手,上方的拉手可讓媽媽進(jìn)行手提,而袋子中下方的小拉手設(shè)計(jì)則可讓孩子牽引,再配上手提袋上的圖案說(shuō)明,更是讓整款手提袋更具溫馨感。圖中這款手提袋即為環(huán)保型手提袋,納入了環(huán)境的因素于設(shè)計(jì)之中,可以循環(huán)使用,是一個(gè)環(huán)境友好型人性化設(shè)計(jì)。 例如,在圖 4 中,這是一個(gè)環(huán)保型(麻布紡織品)手提袋的人性化設(shè)計(jì)案例。由此可知,在現(xiàn)代社會(huì),由于交互設(shè)計(jì)的不斷發(fā)展,人機(jī)之間的互動(dòng)需要越來(lái)越強(qiáng),因而人性化設(shè)計(jì)的運(yùn)用是非常必要的 (三)人性化新理念的體現(xiàn) 圖 4 環(huán)保袋的人性化設(shè)計(jì)案例 9 人性化設(shè)計(jì)在當(dāng)今的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)中有著廣泛的應(yīng)用空間,畢竟現(xiàn)代社會(huì)與人相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品種類(lèi)成千上萬(wàn),不同的產(chǎn)品使用的人群不同,其人性化設(shè)計(jì)的側(cè)重點(diǎn)也相應(yīng)有所不同。界面設(shè)計(jì)的視覺(jué)設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域,是展現(xiàn)在最前端并且與用戶接觸溝通最為貼近的部分,它同時(shí)與心理學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué) 、藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)等多領(lǐng)域?qū)W科相關(guān),因此人性化設(shè)計(jì)在界面操作中有很大的發(fā)揮空間。交互設(shè)計(jì)中的網(wǎng)頁(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的視覺(jué)與互動(dòng)都離不開(kāi)人性化設(shè)計(jì),需要把握整體的風(fēng)格與效果,從而促進(jìn)人們的瀏覽欲望。因此,人與產(chǎn)品之間的關(guān)系是相互影響而又相互促進(jìn)的關(guān)系,只有將兩者之間的因素都考慮清楚,才能設(shè)計(jì)出更具人性化的產(chǎn)品,提升人們的體驗(yàn)。一方面,人體的特性對(duì)于 產(chǎn)品有很大的制約作用,如人體的尺寸、人體的力量、人體的活動(dòng)范圍等都決定了產(chǎn)品的具體操作和設(shè)計(jì),如按摩椅的椅背就應(yīng)根據(jù)人體的脊椎曲線進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),從而達(dá)到更好的舒適功能,如圖 1。 四、案例分析 (一) 人機(jī)工程在產(chǎn)品中體現(xiàn)人性化 一個(gè)產(chǎn)品被人使用,人要使用產(chǎn)品,兩只中間是相互的關(guān)系,也就是人與產(chǎn)品的各種互動(dòng)需要一定的聯(lián)系和支撐,而對(duì)這種關(guān)系進(jìn)行研究則屬于人性化設(shè)計(jì)。這與傳統(tǒng)的人性化設(shè)計(jì)有很大的區(qū)別,其設(shè)計(jì)方法已經(jīng)不再僅僅限制于人的本身,而是更注重與人相關(guān)的 整個(gè)社會(huì)發(fā)