【正文】 It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places. （傾盆大雨已下了一個(gè)多星期，造成了許多地區(qū)塌方） （ 3）將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻之前開(kāi)始的一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻。 （ 1）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在某一時(shí)刻之前開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在某一時(shí)刻。例如： By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai. By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams. 考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，將來(lái)完成時(shí)則由現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示。例如： I had hoped that I could do the job. I had intended to see you but I was too busy. 9) 將來(lái)完成時(shí) 將來(lái)完成時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻將完成或在另一個(gè)未來(lái)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成 的動(dòng)作。 He has gone to Beijing. /He has been to Beijing. 考點(diǎn)二：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去，常用 for 和 sine表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)或 so far, this week (month, year) 等表示包括現(xiàn)在 Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move. (2) no sooner +過(guò)去完成時(shí) + than +一般過(guò)去時(shí)（一 … 就 … ）。 完成時(shí)態(tài) 7) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 考點(diǎn)一：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作在說(shuō)話之前已完成，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。 6) 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) 表將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或按計(jì)劃一定會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。 I am leaving for Hong Kong when my father came back。例如： They are leaving for Hong Kong next month. 5) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)或發(fā)生后，另一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，或表示過(guò)去反復(fù)的習(xí)慣，常與 always， continually， constantly等動(dòng)詞連用，也可以表過(guò)去情感色彩。具有這種語(yǔ)法功能的動(dòng)詞僅限于瞬間動(dòng)詞。 The little boy is always making trouble. 這個(gè)小男孩老是惹麻煩。與頻率副詞，如 always， constantly， continually， again等連用表示說(shuō)話人的某種情感色彩（贊嘆、厭煩、埋怨等）。我們正在上英語(yǔ)課。例如： The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came ，母親趕回了家。例如： He was about to leave for Beijing. (3) be due to +v表示預(yù)先按期確定了的、必然會(huì)發(fā)生的事。 考點(diǎn)三：幾種替代形式： (1) be to +v表示計(jì)劃安排要做的事，具有 ―必要 ‖的強(qiáng)制性意義。 Follow my advice。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 考點(diǎn)二： ―祈使句 + and/or/otherwise + 句子 ‖ ，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中 and后面的句子謂語(yǔ)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。常和 tomorrow, next year等表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，其表現(xiàn)形式多達(dá) 5種。 My father promised to buy me a puter if I passed that examination. 我父親承諾如果我能通過(guò)那次考試，他就給我買(mǎi)臺(tái)電腦。 考點(diǎn)一： used to + 動(dòng)詞原形，表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生而現(xiàn)在已不再存在的動(dòng)作或習(xí)慣 I used to do my homework in the library. 我過(guò)去通常在圖書(shū)館做家庭作業(yè)。 a few days ago等等。 once。 last week。 I will tell him the news as soon as I see him. 2) 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 表在過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生且完成的動(dòng)作，或過(guò)去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，只說(shuō)明過(guò)去。 考點(diǎn)二：（ 2）在由 after， until， before， once， when， even if， in case， as long as， as soon as，the moment 以及 if， unless 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。 考點(diǎn)一：永恒的真理，即使出現(xiàn)在過(guò)去的語(yǔ)境中，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。他喜歡在冬天滑冰。 一般時(shí)態(tài) 1) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示沒(méi)有時(shí)限的持久存在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)階段反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和副詞 usually， often， always sometimes， occasionally， every year, every week 等連用。 Neither is satisfactory. 兩者都不令人滿意。 考點(diǎn)九：由 some， any, no， every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞如 somebody, nothing, nobody, anything, everybody等不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；由 each, every one, no one, either, neither, another, the other作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) ；由 either, neither, each, every修飾名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)。 Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分學(xué)生積極參加體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。 Every man and every woman working here is getting along well with me. No difficulty and no hardship has discouraged him. 考點(diǎn)八：用 half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of , the majority of等引起主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)通常與 of后面的名詞 /代詞保持一致。 no … and no…。 More than one stranger agrees with me. 考點(diǎn)七：由 every …and every …。 考點(diǎn)六： many a, more than one + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，盡管表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，但謂語(yǔ)仍用單數(shù)。 One hundred dollars is a large sum for the poor. 一百美元對(duì)窮人來(lái)說(shuō)是一筆大數(shù)目。 Reading three classical novels is an assignment for the students during the holiday. 閱讀三篇古典小說(shuō)是學(xué)生們的假期作業(yè)。 考點(diǎn)四：動(dòng)名詞、不定式、名詞性從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。例如： The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教師和一些學(xué)生在參觀工廠。 There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一 支筆、一把小刀和幾本書(shū)。 Not only the students but also their teacher is invited to attend the party. 不單是學(xué)生，他們的老師也被邀