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【正文】 ove memory in some people with Alzheimer39。 in response to activation of this nerve supply, smooth muscle contracts (notably in the gut), the frequency of heart beat is slowed, and glands secrete. Acetylcholine is also an important transmitter at many sites in the brain at nervetonerve synapses. To understand how acetylcholine brings about a variety of effects in different cells it is necessary to understand membrane receptors. In postsynaptic membranes (those of the cells on which the nerve fibres terminate) there are many different sorts of receptors and some are receptors for acetylcholine. These are protein molecules that react specifically with acetylcholine in a reversible fashion. It is the plex of receptor bined with acetylcholine which brings about a biophysical reaction, resulting in the response from the receptive cell. Two major types of acetylcholine receptors exist in the membranes of cells. The type in skeletal muscle is known as ‘nicotinic’。 9 請(qǐng)您刪除 一下內(nèi)容， O(∩ _∩ )O謝謝！?。?2021年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過(guò)小抄Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter released from nerve endings (terminals) in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems. It is synthesized within the nerve terminal from choline, taken up from the tissue fluid into the nerve ending by a specialized transport mechanism. The enzyme necessary for this synthesis is formed in the nerve cell body and passes down the axon to its end, carried in the axoplasmic flow, the slow movement of intracellular substance (cytoplasm). Acetylcholine is stored in the nerve terminal, sequestered in small vesicles awaiting release. When a nerve action potential reaches and invades the nerve terminal, a shower of acetylcholine vesicles is released into the junction (synapse) between the nerve terminal and the ‘effector’ cell which the nerve activates. This may be another nerve cell or a muscle or gland cell. Thus electrical signals are converted to chemical signals, allowing messages to be passed between nerve cells or between nerve cells and nonnerve cells. This process is termed ‘chemical neurotransmission’ and was first demonstrated, for nerves to the heart, by the German pharmacologist Loewi in 1921. Chemical transmission involving acetylcholine is known as ‘cholinergic’. Acetylcholine acts as a transmitter between motor nerves and the fibres of skeletal muscle at all neuromuscular junctions. At this type of synapse, the nerve terminal is closely apposed to the cell membrane of a muscle fibre at the socalled motor end plate. On release, acetylcholine acts almost instantly, to cause a sequence of chemical and physical events (starting with depolarization of the motor endplate) which cause contraction of the muscle fibre. This is exactly what is required for voluntary muscles in which a rapid response to a mand is required. The action of acetylcholine is terminated rapidly, in around 10 milliseconds。具體體現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)方面：（ 1）調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì)工作為制定正確的金融方針和貨幣政策提供依據(jù)。調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì)工作的重要性集中體現(xiàn)在三個(gè)方面：第一，調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì)部門是中央銀行的基礎(chǔ)業(yè)務(wù)部門；第二，調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì)部門是中央銀行的綜合業(yè)務(wù)部門；第三，調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì)體系是貨幣政策決策的重要信息支持系統(tǒng)。 簡(jiǎn)述中央銀行調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì)工作的地位與作用。 答：對(duì)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行狀況否是有一個(gè)科學(xué)的判斷， 是中央銀行貨幣政策制定和調(diào)整能否準(zhǔn)確和適度的前提。 第三級(jí)，將貨幣概覽和特定存款機(jī)構(gòu)概覽合并形成金融 概覽。 銀行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的一般概念是什么？它包括哪幾種風(fēng)險(xiǎn) p290 購(gòu)買力統(tǒng)計(jì)分析常使用哪些指標(biāo) ？ p342 什么是金融統(tǒng)計(jì)資料的三級(jí)匯總 ？ 第一級(jí)，將金融統(tǒng)計(jì)資料合并形成貨幣當(dāng)局概覽、存款貨幣銀行概覽和特定存款機(jī)構(gòu)概覽 表 。 ，（ ABCDE）是可供選擇的貨幣政策標(biāo)的 。 ，屬于一般性貨幣政策工具的是（ ABE）。這些環(huán)節(jié)主要包括（ BCDE）。 、用、還三方面 四、多項(xiàng)選擇題 ，（ ABDE）屬于貨幣政策的特征。 （ C）為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，以行業(yè) 自律為基礎(chǔ)。 鏟除表 （ B）年確立中央銀行體制后逐步提出來(lái)的。（ 錯(cuò) ） ，就是經(jīng)濟(jì)循環(huán)賬戶。（ 錯(cuò) ） 。 二、判斷題 1. 金融監(jiān)管是先于中央銀行制度而出現(xiàn) 的。到 1992年年底，銀行的資本對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)加權(quán)資產(chǎn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)比率目標(biāo)為 8%，其中核心資本至少為 4%。 第三，確定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)比率的目標(biāo)。 第二， 確定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)加權(quán)的計(jì)算。 《巴塞爾協(xié)議》的主要內(nèi)容 第一， 確定資本的組成。 巴塞爾協(xié)議 ： 《巴塞爾協(xié)議》的主要目的 ： 1987年 7月由巴塞爾銀行監(jiān)管委員會(huì)通過(guò)的《巴塞爾協(xié)議》（全 稱是 ：《關(guān)于統(tǒng)一國(guó)際銀行的資本計(jì)算和資本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的協(xié)議》），是國(guó)際銀行監(jiān)管方面的代表性文件。 銀行監(jiān)管國(guó)際化 ： 銀行業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)的國(guó)際化，帶來(lái)了銀行監(jiān)管的國(guó)際化，母國(guó)的銀行監(jiān)管者與東道國(guó)的銀行
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