chapter3morphology形態(tài)學(xué)-文庫吧資料
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【正文】 und derivational Exercise 1: Direction: 1. For each word listed below, identify its lexical category。 . homeless+ness=homelessness Affix:詞綴：指只能附加語另一個語素（詞根或詞干）上的構(gòu)詞成分，分為前綴、中綴、后綴三類。每個詞都包含一個詞根語素，它可以是自由語素或粘著語素。 est。 ed。 ’s。 monthly。 adj.+ly=adv. (badly)。 Bound morphemes Suffixes: ly, ful, ness, etc. A. to add some grammatical meanings to the stem. . shorter, shortest, Tom’s book, etc. B. to change the grammatical categories, in in: plurals (two birds)。 en+ n. =v. endanger。 dilogue B. to change the lexical categories of the stem. . en+adj.=v. ensure。Disapprove approvedis（ ） Definition Morphology: the study of the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed. 形態(tài)學(xué)就是指對詞的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)以及構(gòu)詞規(guī)則的研究。 an adjective an adjective The Syntactic Category of the Word category Cooccur with a det. (a, the, every) Cooccur with an auxiliary or a tense/aspect (willl, 時態(tài)，語態(tài) ) Cooccur with a degree word (very, quite) noun + _ _ verb _ + _ adjective _ _ + Internal structure of words and rules for word formation 詞的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)和構(gòu)詞規(guī)則 1. Internal structure disapprove = dis + approve 2. Rules for word formation 詞的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)是受規(guī)則支配的。1. Review 2. Morphology ? Word ? Morpheme ? word formation Review Questions 1. How are English consonants classified? 2. How are English Vowels classified? Chapter 3 Morphology Morphology Word What is a word? Bloomfield defined a word as a “minimum free form”, that is the smallest form that can occur by itself. word=sound +meaning Eg. Go[g?u] + meaning (where to go) Go, goes, going Go as a free form/root Identification of words 詞的特點 Stability Relative uninterruptibility A minimum free form Classification of words Variable and invariable words 可變詞和不變詞 Grammatical words and lexical words 語法詞和詞匯詞 (function words and content words 功能詞和實義詞 ) Closedclass words and openclass words 封閉類詞和開放類詞 Variable and invaria
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