【正文】 yoto University:京都大學(xué) ， 是繼東京大學(xué)之后成立的日本第二所國(guó)立大學(xué) ， 于I897年建校。喬治s Columbian College of Arts and Sciences， have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high quality resources. The team of researchers from the U. S., England, Japan and Portugal investigated the behavior of modernday chimpanzees as they peted for food resources， in an effort to understand what ecological settings would lead a large ape — one that resembles the 6 millionyear old ancestor we shared in mon with living chimpanzees — to walk on two legs. “These chimpanzees provide a model of the ecological conditions under which our earliest ancestors might have begun walking on two legs, ， said Dr. Richmond. The research findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs instead of four in situations where they need to monopolize a resource. Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands. Over time， intense bursts of bipedal activity may have led to anatomical changes that in turn became the subject of natural selection where petition for food or other resources was strong. Two studies were conducted by the team in Guinea. The first study was conducted by the team in Kyoto University?s “ outdoor laboratory ” in a natural clearing in Bossou Forest. Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different binations of two different types of nut — the oil palm nut， which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut, which is not. The chimpanzees? behavior was monitored in three situations:(a) when only oil palm nuts were available,(b)when a small number of coula nuts were available， and(c) when coula nuts were the majority available resource. When the rare coula nuts were available only in small numbers, the chimpanzees transported more at one time. Similarly, when coula nuts were the majority resource, the chimpanzees ignored the oil palm nuts altogether. The chi mpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highlyprized resource and peted for them more intensely. In such highpetition settings， the frequency of cases in which the chimpanzees started moving on two legs increased by a factor of four. Not only was it obvious that bipedal movement allowed them to carry more of this precious resource, but also that they were actively trying to move as much as they could in one go by using everything available 一 even their mouths. The second study, by Kimberley Hockings of Oxford Brookes University, was a 14month study of Bossou chimpanzees cropraiding, a situation in which they have to pete for rare and unpredictable Resources. Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time. 詞匯 ： scarce ， 不足的 ； 稀 有的 chimpanzee ape 。 Weinberg說： “如果機(jī)器人進(jìn)入家庭，我們認(rèn)為就應(yīng)該是這 種類型的機(jī)器人：小巧、令人愉快和有趣，它們能提高我們的生活質(zhì)量，為更多智能服務(wù)型機(jī)器人進(jìn)人我們的生活做好準(zhǔn)備。 ” Weinberg正在通過獲得佐治亞理工學(xué)院的獨(dú)家授權(quán)來對(duì) Shimi進(jìn)行商業(yè)推廣。 Weinberg希望其他研發(fā)者會(huì)因此獲得靈感，開發(fā)更多的應(yīng)用程序，來擴(kuò)展 Shimi的創(chuàng)新和交互功能。正在研發(fā)中的程序?qū)⑹褂脩裟軠贤?過搖頭或擺手表示不同意，來提醒 Shimi跳到下一首歌或增減音量。 “許多人認(rèn)為機(jī)器人受到程序指令的限制，而 Shiini給我們展示了機(jī)器人可以具有創(chuàng)造力和與人交互的能力。如果用戶打出某個(gè)（音樂）拍子， Shimi會(huì)對(duì)此進(jìn)行分析，然后瀏覽手機(jī)的音樂庫(kù)，并立即演奏最符合要求的音樂。例如，通過手機(jī)的照相機(jī)和辨認(rèn)臉型的軟件， Shimi就能在房間周圍跟蹤到聽眾，然后安置好它的 “耳朵 ”或揚(yáng)聲器，以確保輸送最佳聲音。一旦連接上，機(jī)器人便從用戶的移動(dòng)裝置獲得傳感和音樂生成能力。而音樂是根據(jù)不同的運(yùn)動(dòng)形式編制的。 ”他將在今年 6月 27日在舊金山的谷歌 I/O大會(huì)上展示這款機(jī)器人。這款髙 1英尺的機(jī)器人是由智能手機(jī)系統(tǒng)支持的，因此被標(biāo)榜為 “一個(gè)可以互動(dòng)的音樂朋友 ”。 參考譯文 第十九篇 音樂機(jī)器人伴侶提升音樂欣賞體驗(yàn) Shimi是由佐治亞理工大學(xué)音樂技術(shù)中心研發(fā)的一款音樂伴侶。第三段告訴我們， Shimi是 Android smart phone的擴(kuò)充基座，并不適用于所有智能手機(jī)，所以 A選項(xiàng)不正確； Shimi尚未進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)，還談不上公眾對(duì) Shimi欣賞與否的問題，因此選項(xiàng) C不符合原意； Shimi正在進(jìn)行商業(yè)化運(yùn)作，但絕非已經(jīng)完成，所以 D也不是正確選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng) D也與原文不符。選項(xiàng)B說 Weinberg 僅僅希望 Geia Tech員工參與開發(fā)更多的應(yīng)用軟件，這與原文不符。第四段第三句指的是未來的應(yīng)用程序 : future apps in the works,而選項(xiàng) B,C是指目前的應(yīng)用程序，兩者的表述均與原文有出入。雖然人們認(rèn)為機(jī)器人受到程序指令的限制，但 Shimi卻表現(xiàn)出具有創(chuàng)造能力和互動(dòng)能力，所以 A不是答案。選項(xiàng) A、 B、 C都不符合上述句子的含義。B與原文不符 , Shimi不是該機(jī)器人的發(fā)明者 ,Gil Weinberg教授才是 the robot?s creator。在進(jìn)行中或準(zhǔn)備中 12. intelligent service robots:智能服務(wù)型機(jī)器人 練習(xí) ： 1. Which of the following is NOT true according to the first three paragraphs? A Shimi is a onefoot tall robot. B Shimi is the creator of the musical panion. C Shimi is a docking station with a“ brain” powered by an Android phone. D Shimi can gain the sensing and musical generation capabilities of the user?s mobile device. 2. What does Shimi do if the user taps a beat? A It stores the beat in the musical library. B It transmits the beat to the docking station. C It positions its speakers for optimal sound. D It selects a perfectlymatched song and plays it in sync with that beat. 3. Which of the following about Shimi is true? A Robots are limited by their programming instructions, and Shimi is no exception. B Present apps allow the user to shake their head to alert Shimi to skip to the next song. C Existing apps allow the user to wave a hand to alert Shimi to turn up/down the volume. D Shimi can be creative and interactive. 4. What does the author want to tell us? A The research center is developing a stronger and more versatile Shimi. B Weinberg only expects staffs from Geia Tech. to develop more apps for Shimi. C Shimi is not yet technologically ready for mercialization. D Robots such as Shimi are created for large corporations rather than homes. 5. Which of the following is Weinberg?s assertion? A Shimi as a robotic musical panion can be applied to all types of smart phones. B human lives will be filled with more fun if Shimi is going to arrive in homes. C Shimi39。據(jù) 2020年 2月數(shù)據(jù) , Android 占據(jù)全球智能手機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)市場(chǎng) %的份額 ,中國(guó)市場(chǎng)占有率為%。本文指用于智能手機(jī)和便攜式計(jì)算機(jī)移動(dòng)設(shè)備的一種以 Linus為基礎(chǔ)的開放源代碼操作系統(tǒng) ， 通過接口和插槽連接多種外部設(shè)備。 ) 3. smartphoneenabled:由智能手機(jī)系統(tǒng)支持的 4. is billed as:相當(dāng)于 is advertised as， 意為 “被標(biāo)榜為 ”。 2. pump:不斷播放 (音樂）。節(jié)奏 注釋 ： 1. Geia Tech:全稱是 Geia Institute of Technology,佐治亞理工學(xué)院 ， 建于 1885 年 ， 位于亞特蘭大市中心。瀏覽 sk